Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the sacrum?
A) It articulates with the L5 vertebra at the lumbosacral angle.
B) It articulates with the coccyx at its apex.
C) Its sacral hiatus leads to the sacral canal.
D) Its cornua articulate with the inferior articular facets of the L5 vertebra.
E) It articulates with the ilium at the auricular surface.
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Question 2) In the following AP radiograph of the mouth and upper cervical part of the vertebral column, the arrow points to the:
A) uvula.
B) spinous process of C3.
C) dens (odontoid) process of C2 (axis).
D) anterior tubercle of C1 (atlas).
E) canine tooth.
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Question 3) Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the thoracic part of the vertebral column?
A) includes the most frequently fractured vertebra
B) presence of costal facets
C) Most vertebrae have horizontal spinous processes.
D) articular facets that are most effective at limiting flexion
E) Inferior vertebrae have mammillary processes.
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Question 4) Lumbar spinal stenosis refers to:
A) a narrowing of the lumbar intervertebral foramina.
B) a narrowing of the vertebral (spinal) canal in one or more of the lumbar vertebrae.
C) a congenitally restricted dural sheath in the lumbar region.
D) osteoporotic changes in the lumbar bodies that reduce lumbar movements.
E) progressive abnormal shortening of the lumbar spinous processes resulting in extreme lordosis.
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Question 5) Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to typical cervical vertebrae?
A) nearly horizontal articular facets
B) most mobile region of the vertebral column
C) presence of transverse foramina
D) presence of uncinate processes
E) dislocations that are always associated with spinal cord damage
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Question 6) In the following image of a lateral radiograph of the cervical part of the vertebral column, the arrow points to a fracture of the:
A) pars interarticularis of the axis (hangman's fracture).
B) posterior arch of the atlas.
C) lamina of the atlas.
D) spinous process of C3.
E) occipital condyles.
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Question 7) In the following AP radiograph of the inferior thoracic and lumbosacral parts of the vertebral column, the arrow points to the:
A) spinous process of L3.
B) spinous process of L4.
C) spinous process of L5.
D) median sacral crest.
E) lamina of L5.
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Question 8) In the following lateral radiograph of the thoracic part of the vertebral column, the arrow points to the:
A) head of a rib.
B) pedicle of vertebra.
C) superior articular facet.
D) lamina of vertebrae.
E) spinal nerve.
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Question 9) Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the female perineum?
A) The greater vestibular glands are typically palpable.
B) The bulbs of the vestibule are composed of erectile tissue.
C) Located immediately within the vaginal orifice, the hymen is a thin fold of mucous membrane that ruptures in young women with physical activity or sexual intercourse.
D) The vestibule is the space enclosed by the labia minora.
E) The mons pubis is composed of skin covering fatty tissue.
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Question 10) Circumcision involves:
A) removal of the glans of the penis.
B) removal of the prepuce of the penis.
C) removal of the corona of the glans of the penis.
D) enlarging the external urethral orifice.
E) surgically constructing a new external urethral orifice.
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