The word countercurrent within countercurrent multiplier refers to the opposite direction of flow of
A. sodium and potassium across the wall of the nephron.
B. tubular fluid within the ascending and descending limb of the nephron loop.
C. salts and water across the wall of the renal tubule.
D. tubular fluid in the proximal convoluted tubule and collecting tubule.
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Question 2) Which processes does urea undergo within the kidney?
A. It is filtered but neither reabsorbed nor secreted.
B. It is filtered and can be reabsorbed and secreted.
C. It is filtered and can also be secreted but not reabsorbed.
D. It is not filtered nor reabsorbed but can be secreted.
E. It is not filtered but can be secreted and reabsorbed.
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Question 3) Dehydration results in
A. increased ADH secretion and increased water reabsorption.
B. increased ADH secretion and decreased water reabsorption.
C. decreased ADH secretion and increased water reabsorption.
D. decreased ADH secretion and decreased water reabsorption.
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Question 4) The diffusion of urea out of the distal convoluted tubule is an important part of maintaining the concentration gradient of the renal medulla.
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
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Question 5) To test someone's glomerular filtration rate, the individual is injected with the polysaccharide _____________.
Fill in the blank with correct word.
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Question 6) Someone with a diet that is high in vegetables but low in animal protein is likely to have very active
A.
type A cells, which secrete HCO3- and reabsorb H+.
B.
type A cells, which reabsorb HCO3- and secrete H+.
C.
type B cells, which secrete HCO3- and reabsorb H+.
D.
type B cells, which reabsorb HCO3- and secrete H+.
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Question 7) Which of the following is a nitrogenous waste product produced from nucleic acid breakdown in the liver?
A. Urea
B. Deoxyribose
C. Uric acid
D. Creatinine
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Question 8) Usually the urine of someone with a high-protein diet does not contain any bicarbonate ions, as all of it that is filtered is reclaimed from the tubules.
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
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Question 9) Generally, a very _______ percent of Na+ in the tubular fluid is reabsorbed, and the reabsorption takes place _________.
A.
high; only in the nephron loop
B.
high; along the entire tubule
C.
small; only in the nephron loop
D.
small; along the entire tubule
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Question 10) Aldosterone is a steroid hormone that __________ synthesis of Na+/K+ pumps and Na+ channels in principal cells of kidney tubules.
A. stimulates
B. inhibits
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