Alveolar tissue and pulmonary capillary injury is caused by which of the following?
a. Barotrauma
b. Biotrauma
c. Shear stress
d. Overdistention
Q. 2 Biotrauma is caused directly by which of the following?
a. High oxygen levels
b. Overdistention of alveoli
c. Long expiratory times
d. Fast respiratory rates
Q. 3 Shear stress injury and loss of surfactant from the resulting unstable lung units result in a loss of surfactant. This type of pulmonary trauma is known as _____________.
a. atelectrauma
b. barotrauma
c. biotrauma
d. volutrauma
Q. 4 Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is associated with which of the following?
a. Air trapping
b. Biotrauma
c. Patient-ventilator asynchrony
d. Ventilator-associated pneumonia
Q. 5 Mechanical ventilation has an effect on the hormone _____________, which causes a decrease in urinary output.
a. cortisol
b. arginine vasopressin
c. parathyroid hormone
d. thyroid-stimulating hormone
Q. 6 Positive pressure ventilation increases splanchnic resistance, decreases splanchnic venous out-flow, and may contribute to gastric mucosal ischemia, which can contribute to which of the fol-lowing?
a. Liver metastases
b. Gastric mucosal ischemia
c. Gastric ulcers
d. Increased portal blood flow
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