In the United States, the primary factor leading to the development of COPD is:

In the United States, the primary factor leading to the development of COPD is:
 
  a. 1-antitrypsin deficiency.
  b. recurrent respiratory infections.
  c. socioeconomic status.
  d. tobacco smoking.

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Q. 2  What initial ventilator setting(s) would be recommended for a newborn with a CDH?
 
  1. PEEP of 2-3 cm H2O
  2. FIO2 of 1.0
  3. Peak inspiratory pressure of 18-20 cm H2O
  4. Respiratory rate of 40 breaths/min
  a. 2
  b. 3, 4
  c. 1, 2, 3
  d. 1, 2, 3, 4

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Q. 3  The major pathologic and structural changes of the lungs found with kyphoscoliosis include:
 
  1. mediastinal shift.
  2. elevated diaphragms.
  3. lung compression.
  4. mucus accumulation.
  a. 1, 2
  b. 3, 4
  c. 1, 3, 4
  d. 1, 2, 3, 4

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Q. 4  A pulmonary artery (Swan-Ganz) catheter can be used for all of the following EXCEPT:
 
  a. measuring cardiac output.
  b. arterial blood sampling.
  c. measuring left atrial pressure.
  d. measuring pulmonary artery pressure.

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Q. 5  Which of the following would be expected to appear on the chest radiograph of a patient with scoliosis?
 
  a. Increased lung translucency
  b. An S or C shape to the spine
  c. Bullae
  d. Pectus excavatum