Read each paragraph and its topic in bold print. Is the topic too narrow or too broad, or is it the
correct topic? Choose the letter of the correct answer.
Codes of ethics that companies provide to their employees are perhaps the most effective way to
encourage ethical behavior. A code of ethics is a written guide to acceptable and ethical behavior
as defined by an organization; it outlines uniform2
policies, standards, and punishments for
violations. Because employees know what is expected of them and what will happen if they
violate the rules, a code of ethics goes a long way toward encouraging ethical behavior. However,
codes cannot possibly cover every situation. Companies must also create an environment in
which employees recognize the importance of complying with3
the written code. Managers must
provide direction by fostering communication, actively modeling and encouraging ethical
decision making, and training employees to make ethical decisions.
From PRIDE, BUSINESS (LIBRARY) 7ED, 7E. 2002 Cengage Learning.
Topic: ethics
a. too broad
b. too narrow
c. correct topic
Ques. 2Read each paragraph and its topic in bold print. Is the topic too narrow or too broad, or is it the
correct topic? Choose the letter of the correct answer.
Egocentrism refers to the tendency of a person to confuse his or her own point of view and that of
another person. As young children illustrate, the term does not necessarily imply selfishness at the
expense of others, but a centering on the self in thinking. Piaget1
demonstrated this by showing
children a table on which models of three mountains had been constructed and asking them how a
doll would see the three mountains if it sat at various positions around the table. Three-year-olds
commonly believed the dolls saw the layout no differently from the way they did.
Adapted from Seifert and Hoffnung, Child and Adolescent Development, 5th ed. (Boston: Houghton
Mifflin, 2000), 263.
Topic: egocentrism
a. too broad
b. too narrow
c. correct topic
Ques. 3Read each paragraph and its topic in bold print. Is the topic too narrow or too broad, or is it the
correct topic? Choose the letter of the correct answer.
Since the days of Vietnam2
and Watergate3
journalists have become adversaries4
of the
government. They instinctively distrust people in government. But to that attitude change can be
added an economic one: in their desperate effort to reclaim market share, journalists are much
more likely to rely on unnamed sources than once was the case. When the Washington Post broke
the Watergate story in the 1970s, it required the reporters to have at least two sources for their
stories. Now, many reporters break stories that have only one unnamed source and often not a
source at all but a rumor posted on the Internet.
From Wilson and DiIulio, American Government, 8th ed. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001), 269.
Topic: journalists
a. too broad
b. too narrow
c. correct topic
Ques. 4Arguably, the arena contributed to public order. This was no small achievement since the imperial
army could not police a population of 50100 million, and few places had even the elementary
police force that the city of Rome did. The violence that bloodied the amphitheater stepped into
the breach1
by reminding criminalsor those defined as criminalswhat punishment awaited
them. Rob or kill, and you might end up in the arena. Refuse to worship the emperor, and you
might be fed to the lions, as Christians often were. Rebel against Rome, and you might find
yourself on a chain gang building a new amphitheater, as tradition says thirty thousand prisoners
of the Jewish Revolt (AD 6670) did. The result was the Colosseum.
a. arena's effect on public order c. the Jewish Revolt
b. public order d. Colosseum
Ques. 5Gladiatorial images decorated art around the empire, from mosaics4
to household lamps. In one
mosaic from a Roman villa in Germany, for example, one of several mosaic panels on the floor of
the building's entrance hall depicts scenes from the arena. The illustration shows a retiarius, or
net-and-trident5
bearer, fighting a better-armed secutor, literally pursuer, under the watchful
eyes of a lanista, or trainer. The artwork recreates a typical scene: the retiarius wears no armor
except for a shoulder-piece protecting his left side. To defend himself against the dagger wielded
by the secutor, the retiarius had to be fit enough to be able to keep moving.
a. secutor c. gladiator images
b. lanista d. retarius
Ques. 6Our fascination with the gladiator is nothing compared to the Romans'. Everybody in Rome
talked about gladiators. At Pompeii, graffiti celebrated a star of the arena that all the girls sigh
for. Jokes poked fun at gladiators, philosophers pondered their meaning, and literature is full of
references to them.
a. gladiators c. Pompeii
b. popularity of gladiators d. Rome
Ques. 7As for the amphitheaters2
where gladiatorial combats took place, they were as common in Italy
and the Roman Empire as skyscrapers are in the modern city. The word arena, referring to the
site of the games, literally means sand, which is what covered the floor and soaked up the blood.
Openings in the floor of the arena permitted animals to be released into it. A large amphitheater
held at least thirty thousand spectators, and the largest amphitheater of all, the Flavian
Amphitheateror Colosseum3
in Rome, seated around fifty thousand.
a. Italy c. Colosseum
b. Roman Empire d. arenas or amphitheaters
Ques. 8Gladiators were men who carried a gladius, or sword, and fought to the death as entertainment for
citizens of the Roman Empire. Gladiators took part in so-called games or combat before large
crowds. Armed with various specialized weapons, they fought each other and sometimes wild
animals. Some unfortunates were thrust into fights with no weapons at all. Most gladiators were
condemned criminals, prisoners of war, or slaves bought for the purpose. The most famous slave
gladiator was Spartacus, a Thracian.1
a. gladiators c. prisoners of war
b. Roman Empire d. Spartacus
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