In Pepperberg's model-rival technique, how was Alex the parrot trained to name objects?

In Pepperberg's model-rival technique, how was Alex the parrot trained to name objects?
 
  A) Through social learning and operant conditioning
  B) Through discrimination procedures
  C) Through trial-and-error learning
  D) Through shaping and chaining of responses

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Question 2

Where did Alex the parrot's name come from?
 
  A) The name of the research project he was in: Avian Learning Experiment
  B) The name of the researcher who raised him
  C) The first sound that he uttered to a human
  D) The first person that he interacted with in the laboratory

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Question 3

In general, research on language learning in animals has revealed.
 
  A) no evidence that they can be taught components of language.
  B) mixed evidence that they can be taught language.
  C) clear evidence that social animals can be taught language.
  D) clear evidence that only orangutans can acquire human-like language.

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Question 4

The fact that Phoenix, the dolphin, understood that BALL FETCH BASKET means the opposite of BASKET FETCH BALL indicates that it acquired the _____ aspect of language.
 
  A) symbolic
  B) abstracted
  C) referential
  D) grammatical