According to Mineka, experimental avoidance in animals differs from phobic avoidance in humans in ...

According to Mineka, experimental avoidance in animals differs from phobic avoidance in humans in that:
 
  A) humans avoid the US but not the CS.
  B) only one conditioning trial is typically required to establish a phobia.
  C) phobic avoidance is never as consistent as experimental avoidance.
  D) All of these are correct.

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Question 2

The attractive aspect of the _____ is that it does away with any reference to an internal state of fear, the existence of which has to be inferred.
 
  A) two-process theory of avoidance
  B) latent inhibition effect
  C) anxiety conservation hypothesis
  D) one-process theory of avoidance

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Question 3

The two-process theory of avoidance is to _____ as the one-process theory is to _____.
 
  A) negative reinforcement; negative punishment
  B) negative punishment; negative reinforcement
  C) avoidance; escape
  D) less fear; less shock

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Question 4

According to the one-process theory of avoidance, the act of avoidance is negatively reinforced by:
 
  A) a reduction in fear.
  B) an increase in feelings of relief.
  C) the lower rate of aversive stimulation with which it is associated.
  D) negative punishment followed by the escape response.

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Question 5

According to Levis (1989), seemingly nonchalant animals who continue to avoid the aversive stimulus are:
 
  A) truly relaxed.
  B) merely suppressing their fear.
  C) still experiencing a residual amount of fear.
  D) exhibiting an avoidance response that has now become a conditioned reflex.

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Question 6

Arthur owns a restaurant in a neighborhood controlled by organized crime. Local merchants often pay protection money to gang members in order to avoid risking their businesses. When a gang representative comes to Arthur's restaurant at the beginning of every month, Arthur hands over an envelope full of cash and has a pleasant conversation with the gang member. By Arthur's actions, it would appear as if he has no fear and yet continues to pay money to the gang. What would Levis (1989 ) suggest about Arthur's apparent nonchalance?
 
  A) If Arthur truly had no fear, he would not continue to pay money to the gang members.
  B) Arthur is less fearful as a result of experience.
  C) Arthur truly has no fear of the actions of the gang.
  D) Both a and b are correct.