The statistical approach to clinical judgment relies on ALL BUT WHICH of the following?
a. inductive and deductive reasoning
b. explicit norms
c. specific predictors
d. regression equations
Question 2There is a widely held belief that adult children of alcoholics (ACOAs) possess certain personality characteristics. A study to determine whether the acceptance of such descriptors is due, at least in part, to the Barnum effect showed that
a. typical descriptors of ACOAs appear to discriminate this group of individuals from people who are not ACOAs.
b. typical descriptors of ACOAs do not appear to discriminate this group of individuals from people who are not ACOAs.
c. the usual descriptors of ACOAs do appear to possess a Barnum-like quality.
d. more than one of the above
Question 3A clinician uses interview data to make the clinical judgment that a client is competent in many areas, but in other areas her performance may be hindered by a lack of confidence. Although the client may acknowledge the accuracy of this statement, its lack of specificity suggests that it exemplifies
a. the Stroop effect.
b. the Barnum effect.
c. stereotyped beliefs.
d. illusory correlation.
Question 4Barnum statements
a. are overly positive in tone.
b. exaggerate people's characteristics, similar to fun-house mirrors.
c. are so general as to be true of almost everyone.
d. are more negative or pessimistic than warranted.
Question 5The statistical approach to clinical judgment is best used when
a. the percentage of correct predictions is more important than the correct prediction of the performance of any one individual.
b. the outcome to be predicted is not very specific.
c. both of the above
d. neither of the above
Question 6Which of the following is true of the clinical approach to judgment and interpretation?
a. The clinician functions like an actuary, adjusting the likelihood of various outcomes up and down based on objective factors.
b. The clinician attends to only the most important aspects of the patient's circumstances (e.g., level of education, history of trauma) in arriving at a judgment.
c. The clinician often assumes a certain similarity between the patient and him- or herself in interpreting the patient's behaviors.
d. The clinician is as likely to recall his or her misinterpretations as his or her valid predictions.
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