A statistically significant finding can sometimes be the result of chance fluctuation. This concern can be eased by
A. replication.
B. using case studies.
C. making predictions before seeing the data.
D. using manipulated independent variables.
Question 2Experimenters can be most confident in making statements about cause and effect when they conduct research using which of the following?
A. Correlation coefficients
B. Manipulated independent variables
C. Nonmanipulated independent variables
D. Case studies
Question 3A researcher uses a manipulated independent variable in her experiment. This means she
A. conducts her research in a laboratory.
B. uses comparison groups.
C. makes her prediction before conducting the study.
D. randomly assigns participants to conditions.
Question 4A researcher compares people who have gone to college with those who have not. He predicts and finds that people with a college education are less likely to smoke or drink than those who never went. In this example, the researcher is using
A. randomly assigned participants.
B. a manipulated independent variable.
C. a nonmanipulated independent variable.
D. a correlation coefficient.
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