Which of the following psychosocial types precedes foreclosure in the adolescent stage of ...

(Answer to Q. 1)  ANS: D
FEEDBACK: An extensive research program on the adolescent stage of development identified five psychosocial types, or statuses, for that period. These are identity achievement, moratorium, foreclosure, identity diffusion, and alienated achievement. Four of these statuses, in the following order (identity diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, and identity achievement), represent increasingly successful resolutions of the identity problem.

(Answer to Q. 2)  ANS: A
FEEDBACK: Foreclosure describes adolescents who have not yet experienced an identity crisis but who express commitment to an occupation and an ideology. However, these commitments often have been determined for them by their parents and do not result from the adolescents' deliberate choice.

(Answer to Q. 3)  ANS: A
FEEDBACK: Identity achievement describes adolescents who are committed to occupational and ideological choices. A study of college students found a positive correlation between achieved identity status and objective measures of commitment.

(Answer to Q. 4)  ANS: B
FEEDBACK: An extensive research program on the adolescent stage of development identified five psychosocial types, or statuses, for that period. These are identity achievement, moratorium, foreclosure, identity diffusion, and alienated achievement.

(Answer to Q. 5)  ANS: D
FEEDBACK: Adolescents who developed trust, autonomy, initiative, and industriousness (adaptive ways of coping) in the first four stages of psychosocial development displayed a high level of identity cohesion rather than role confusion. Adolescents who had not resolved their identity crisis and who experienced role confusion had not developed adaptive ways of coping in the earlier stages.

(Answer to Q. 6)  ANS: B
FEEDBACK: A study using the Inventory of Psychosocial Development, a test designed to assess adaptive and maladaptive development in Erikson's first six stages, found a significant relationship between happiness and adaptive development at each stage. Another study showed a high correlation between maladaptive development in the first six stages and a sense of alienation and uprootedness.

(Answer to Q. 7)  ANS: A
FEEDBACK: Trained as an orthodox Freudian, Erikson interpreted play constructions along standard psychoanalytic lines. He wrote, Sexual differences in the organization of a play space seem to parallel the morphology of genital differentiation itself: in the male, an external organ, erectable and intrusive in character  in the female, internal organs, with vestibular access, leading to a statically expectant ova.

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