Discuss the concept of self-handicapping, the evidence that supports it, and it possible aim. ...

(Answer to Q. 1)  Answer: Self-handicapping is described as a process in which one tries to protect his/her self image by setting up conditions in which it is impossible to succeed at a task. The logic seems to be that if one doesnt really try at a task, then failure is not an indication of lack of intelligence or skill. Tice investigated this phenomenon by assigning subjects to either a condition in which they were led to believe that success indicated that they had a high ability, but that failure indicated nothing about their ability or one in which failure meant they lacked ability. Participants who were low in self-esteem practiced less and self-handicapped more than people high in self-esteem.

(Answer to Q. 2)  Answer: Cultures may develop in ways that encourage collectivism based on factors such as mobility, ecology, affluence, etc. For centuries China has been a very crowded country in which people had to live in close proximity and group cooperation was necessary for survival. It was also primarily rural and so a very high percentage of the population performed the same work and therefore held many of the same values and ways of viewing the world. The vast majority of the population was relatively poor and a coherent, conforming family unit was important for survival.

(Answer to Q. 3)  Answer: Central

(Answer to Q. 4)  Answer: supplication

(Answer to Q. 5)  Answer: A good answer will address the following main points:
o At birth, either children have no recognition of me vs. other or we do not have not methods of detecting it. In the first year, human infants gradually develop a sense of the difference between themselves and their physical environment as evidenced by signs of delight when they see their own feet.
o Crying children will often stop crying when they see themselves in a mirror, but not after about 4 or 5 months when they recognize at least that the image is familiar. Presumably this would not happen if they lacked experience seeing themselves in a mirror at all.
o Human infants pass Gallups mirror recognition test of at about 18 months on average.
o Children can recognize themselves in the mirror and, on average, have words to describe themselves from 2 or 3 years of age. They can also describe basic facts about themselves such as age, sex, family, etc. The beginnings of self-esteem are seen at this age.
o By age 3 or 4 childrens self-concepts are linked to their developing skills, abilities, preferences, possessions, etc.

(Answer to Q. 6)  Answer: impression

(Answer to Q. 7)  Answer: science

Just confirmed the same answer from my friend, thanks