The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is:

The answer to question 1  ANS: D
Biliary tract disease and alcoholism account for 80 or more of the pancreatitis admissions. Other causes include hyperlipidemia, drugs, toxins, infection, structural abnormalities, surgery, vascular disease, trauma, hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia, renal transplantation, and hereditary pancreatitis. The most common cause of pancreatitis is alcohol abuse.

The answer to question 2  ANS: D
Murphy's Sign is elicited by deeply palpating the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Pain is present on deep inspiration when an inflamed gallbladder is palpated by pressing the fingers under the rib cage. Murphy's sign is positive in cholecystitis.

The answer to question 3  ANS: A
To examine the patient for appendicitis, the clinician can test the patient for psoas sign. This is done in the following manner: Place a hand on the patient's thigh just above the knee and ask the patient to raise the thigh against your hand. This contracts the psoas muscle and produces pain in patients with an inflamed appendix.

The answer to question 4  ANS: C
A positive obturator sign indicates appendicitis. Pain is elicited by inward rotation of the right hip with the knee bent so that the obturator internus muscle is stretched.

The answer to question 5  ANS: D
Ask the patient to stand with straight legs and to raise up on toes. Then ask the patient to relax, allowing the heel to strike the floor, thus jarring the body. A positive heel strike is indicative of appendicitis and peritoneal irritation. Alternatively, strike the plantar surface of the heel with your fist while the patient rests supine on the examination table.

The answer to question 6  ANS: B
Rebound tenderness is tested by slowly pressing over the abdomen with your fingertips, holding the position until pain subsides or the patient adjusts to the discomfort, and then quickly removing the pressure. Rebound pain, a sign of peritoneal inflammation, is present if the patient experiences a sharp discomfort over the inflamed site when pressure is released.

Thank you Jesus, my teacher is bad at explaining

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