A researcher is studying the relationship between sugar consumption and weight gain. Twelve volunteers were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group had five participants which were put on a diet low in sugar and the other group with the remaining seven participants received 10 of their calories from sugar. After 8 weeks, weight gain was recorded from each participant. Which variable is the response variable in this study?
a. Sugar consumption
b. Diet low in sugar
c. Weight
d. Weight gain
Q. 2Sickle-cell disease is a painful disorder of the red blood cells that in the United States affects mostly blacks. To investigate whether drug A can reduce the pain associated with sickle-cell disease, a study by the National Institutes of Health randomly assigned 150 sickle-cell sufferers to receive the drug. Placebos were given to another 150 sickle-cell sufferers. Great care was used to ensure that the 300 participants did not know if their pill contained the drug. At the end of the treatment period, the researchers counted the number of episodes of pain reported by each subject. Which of the following principles was not used in this study?
a. Control
b. Blinding
c. Randomization
d. Blocking
Q. 3Sickle-cell disease is a painful disorder of the red blood cells that in the United States affects mostly blacks. To investigate whether drug A can reduce the pain associated with sickle-cell disease, a study by the National Institutes of Health randomly assigned 150 sickle-cell sufferers to receive the drug. Placebos were given to another 150 sickle-cell sufferers. Great care was used to ensure that the 300 participants did not know if their pill contained the drug. At the end of the treatment period, the researchers counted the number of episodes of pain reported by each subject. What is the response variable in this study?
a. Sickle-cell disease status (yes or no).
b. Form of drug (pill or liquid).
c. The number of episodes of pain.
d. The number of red blood cells.
Q. 4Sickle-cell disease is a painful disorder of the red blood cells that in the United States affects mostly blacks. To investigate whether drug A can reduce the pain associated with sickle-cell disease, a study by the National Institutes of Health randomly assigned 150 sickle-cell sufferers to receive the drug. Placebos were given to another 150 sickle-cell sufferers. Great care was used to ensure that the 300 participants did not know if their pill contained the drug. At the end of the treatment period, the researchers counted the number of episodes of pain reported by each subject. What type of study is this?
a. Observational study
b. Randomized experiment
c. Matched pairs study
d. Repeated measures study
Q. 5Eighty individuals who wished to lose weight were randomly divided into two groups of 40 . One group was given an exercise program to follow while the other group was given a special diet. After three months, the researcher compared mean weight losses in the two groups. What type of study is this?
a. Observational study
b. Repeated measures study
c. Matched pairs study
d. Randomized experiment
Q. 6The purpose of having a control group in a study is
a. to estimate the response when the treatment is not applied.
b. to decrease the margin of error.
c. to be able to blind the subjects.
d. to make the samples more representative.
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