The early phase of acute kidney injury characterized by the inability to produce much urine is called the _____ phase.
a. oliguric
b. recovery
c. diuretic
d. anuric
Q. 2The nephrotic syndrome results in:
a. decreased blood pH.
b. increased blood albumin.
c. decreased LDL and VLDL.
d. increased risk for blood clots.
Q. 3In kidney disease, the kidneys cannot excrete _____ in the urine.
a. ammonia
b. iron
c. potassium
d. amino acids
e. urea
Q. 4In patients with acute kidney injury, oliguria leads to:
a. a loss of bone calcium due to hyperphosphatemia.
b. edema due to increased urine production.
c. an increase in blood potassium levels due to excessive excretion of parathyroid hormone.
d. production of at least 800 mL of urine per day.
Q. 5Consequences of acute kidney injury include all of the following except:
a. the reduced production of urine.
b. sodium retention and elevated levels of potassium, phosphate, and magnesium in the blood.
c. the inability to metabolize nutrients.
d. the excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone.
Q. 6If heart failure leads to acute kidney injury, it is considered a _____ factor.
a. primary
b. prerenal
c. preventable
d. postrenal
Q. 7Patients with nephrotic syndrome may require supplements of:
a. vitamin D and calcium.
b. essential fatty acids.
c. essential amino acids.
d. potassium and thiamin.
Q. 8Which of the following dietary components are restricted in nephrotic syndrome?
a. sodium and protein
b. fluids and sodium
c. carbohydrate and fat
d. calcium and phosphorus
Q. 9One of the effects of nephrotic syndrome is a loss of vitamin D. This can result in _____ in children.
a. growth failure
b. poor appetite
c. rickets
d. type 1 diabetes
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