Factors related to the birth of infants who are large for gestational age (LGA) include:
a. pre-pregnancy obesity.
b. excessive weight gain during pregnancy.
c. poorly controlled diabetes in pregnancy.
d. all of the above
e. a and b only
Q. 2Factors associated with reduced fetal growth include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. pre-pregnancy underweight and shortness.
b. high-carbohydrate diets.
c. low weight gain during pregnancy.
d. smoking.
e. poor dietary intake.
Q. 3Decreased conversion of glucose to glycogen and fat, lowered maternal utilization of glucose, and increased liver production of glucose help:
a. ensure the mother does not gain excessive weight during the second half of pregnancy.
b. ensure a constant supply of fat for maternal energy needs.
c. ensure a constant supply of glucose for fetal growth and development.
d. ensure that women do not expend too much energy on metabolism and have plenty of energy to support fetal growth.
e. promote healthy weight gain for pregnant women.
Q. 4When the nutrient concentration in the fetal blood is greater than the nutrient concentration in the maternal blood, nutrients will likely be transferred against the concentration gradient via:
a. passive diffusion.
b. facilitated diffusion.
c. active transport.
d. pinocytosis.
e. exocytosis.
Q. 5Which of the following is a major function of the placenta?
a. Hormone and enzyme production
b. Nutrient and gas exchange between mother and fetus
c. Removal of waste products from the fetus
d. Barrier to drugs and alcohol
e. a, b, and c
f. all of the above
Q. 6Why must volume expansion occur BEFORE maternal nutrient stores accumulate?
a. In order to support large gains in fetal weight
b. In order to provide the fetus with sufficient energy, nutrients, and oxygen
c. In order to provide the mother with plenty of fluids
d. In order to dilute the high concentration of nutrients in pregnant women
e. In order to make room for growing organs
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