Which of the following is a function of the pyloric sphincter?
A) It regulates the flow of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine.
B) It prevents the bolus from getting lodged in the trachea and helps guide it to the esophagus.
C) It neutralizes the acidic chyme before it enters the duodenum.
D) It prevents the contents of the stomach from reentering the esophagus.
Q. 2Which of the following is true of the colon?
A) The density of the gastrointestinal microbiota is greatest in the colon.
B) The inner lining of the colon is made of epithelial cells called enterocytes.
C) It neutralizes the acidic chyme before it enters the duodenum.
D) It releases gastrin that stimulates the production of gastric juice.
Q. 3Which of the following is true of microvilli?
A) They form the site where nutrient digestion begins.
B) They are held together by interlocking proteins.
C) They cover the lumenal surfaces of enterocytes.
D) They secrete a hormone known as gastrin.
Q. 4Unlike irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease:
A) is likely to be caused by elevated levels of serotonin.
B) is believed to affect the lower gastrointestinal tract.
C) is believed to develop when exposure to a substance causes an immunologic response.
D) is not associated with any known structural abnormalities and is considered a functional disorder.
Q. 5Which of the following is true of a passive transport mechanism?
A) It includes osmosis, simple diffusion, and facilitated diffusion.
B) It is exclusively responsible for the movement of nutrients into and out of the enterocytes.
C) It requires energy to move substances across cell membranes.
D) It enables nutrients to move from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.
Q. 6Which of the following statements is true of bioavailability?
A) It can be influenced by the physiological needs of the body.
B) It is adversely affected by the presence of bile in the small intestine.
C) It is the extent to which a nutrient is absorbed in the lymph.
D) It is independent of the dietary components and medications in the body.
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