Which is a molecule that ionizes in solution?
a. glucose
b. amino acid
c. sodium
d. lactate
Q. 2Renal solute load:
a. consists of waste products that need to be excreted in the urine.
b. is impossible to calculate except with very sophisticated tests.
c. is unrelated to the volume of water needed for excretion by the kidney.
d. is typically 50-100 mOsm/day.
Q. 3Obligatory urine excretion is estimated to be approximately:
a. 1000 mL.
b. 500 mL.
c. It cannot be estimated.
d. It will vary widely from patient to patient.
Q. 4Which of the following tests is used for assessing solute concentration in urine?
a. GFR
b. UUN
c. specific gravity
d. creatinine clearance
Q. 5Which of the following statements is false regarding filtration?
a. It involves the movement of water and solutes.
b. It is the process of fluids moving freely between fluid compartments.
c. It is influenced by osmotic and hydrostatic pressure.
d. It involves the movement of plasma proteins and red blood cells.
Q. 6When a cell is exposed to a _____ solution, fluid moves into the cell to maintain equilibrium, resulting in cellular _____.
a. hypotonic, swelling
b. hypertonic, swelling
c. hypotonic, dehydration
d. hypertonic, dehydration
Q. 7When cells are exposed to _____ solutions, fluid moves out of the cell to maintain equilibrium, resulting in cellular _____.
a. hypertonic, dehydration
b. hypotonic, dehydration
c. hypertonic, swelling
d. hypotonic, swelling
Q. 8Which of the following proteins exerts the greatest effect on colloid osmotic pressure?
a. retinol-binding protein
b. albumin
c. transthyretin
d. transferrin
Q. 9Under conditions of illness or injury, third spacing can take place within the peritoneal cavity, causing the condition known as _____.
a. peritonitis
b. hypovolemia
c. hyperkalemia
d. ascites
Quick Reply
