Within the lamina propria, lying just below the epithelium, is the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), which ____.
A) controls secretions from the mucosal glands
B) contains white blood cells and protects against ingested microorganisms
C) initiates peristalsis
D) secretes mucus, hormones, and digestive juices into the lumen
Q. 2Which class of bioactive food components has the ability to get into the nucleus of cells and bind to DNA to influence gene expression?
A) lipophilic, small-molecular-weight molecules
B) glycoproteins
C) phospholipids
D) water-soluble vitamins
Q. 3What lifestyle change would be most important to individuals with a common variant in the GST gene that impairs protection against toxins?
A) increasing levels of daily exercise
B) eating a low-fat diet
C) increasing ingestion of cruciferous vegetables
D) increasing intake of omega-3 fats
Q. 4The primary mechanism by which gene expression is modified by bioactive factors in food appears to be ____.
A) mutations causing cancer
B) interactions with transcription factors
C) production of SNPs
D) downregulation of translation
Q. 5A common mutation in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase enzyme (MTHFR) ____.
A) prevents the individual from activating the B vitamin folate
B) has no effect on the activity of the enzyme
C) increases the activity of the enzyme
D) modifies the folate molecule directly
Q. 6A researcher in the field of nutritional genomics is least likely to study ____.
A) the interactions among genes and bioactive components in food that change gene expression without changing the DNA nucleotide sequence (nutritional epigenetics)
B) inborn changes in DNA nucleotide sequences or gene variants (nutrigenetics)
C) genetic alterations that can be compensated for by increasing or decreasing specific nutrients (nutrigenomics)
D) the interaction between genetically engineered enzymes and their substrates
Q. 7Oncosis results from cell injury and is associated with cellular swelling and swelling of the mitochondrial nucleus.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
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