Stresses cause rocks to deform; earthquakes occur as the rock can no longer deform and ruptures. ...

Answer to #1

ANSWER: True

Answer to #2

ANSWER: False

Answer to #3

ANSWER: It is known that Earths magnetic field changes its polarity, or direction, with a long recurrence interval due to changes in currents in its core. New rock formed at divergent boundaries like the Mid-Atlantic Ridge records the polarity of Earths magnetic field. Observations of the recorded magnetic field in ridges around the Mid-Atlantic Ridge show that the stripes of alternating polarity surround the ridge. The conclusion is that the stripes represent rock created during different epochs of the magnetic field, demonstrating that the ridge is an area where new rock is created.

Answer to #4

ANSWER: Basalt consists of rock that comes from the magma in Earths mantle. Rising basalt is hot enough to melt the silica-rich material of continental plates. Rhyolite is the result of hot basalt melting continental plate material.

Answer to #5

ANSWER: Possible answers taken from the text include that:
- the coastlines of South America and Africa have similar shapes, implying that these landmasses were once joined, then moved apart
- ancient rocks, fossils, and the shape of mountain ranges are similar at places where the current continents were once connected in a supercontinent
- evidence of ancient glacial processes implies that the same glaciers moved through areas on several different continents, implying that they were once joined
- fossils of species from warm climates have been found in the Arctic and Antarctic, implying that the fossils were created when the land was in a warm climate zone, but that the land has since moved to a cold climate zone
- the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a center for numerous earthquakes and implies that the ridge could result from the spreading of the seafloor away from a central area
- magnetic effects detectable in rocks around the Mid-Atlantic Ridge prove that the ridge is created by slowly emerging basalt which moves away from a divergent zone


Answer to #6

ANSWER: In the deep layers of the mantle, a hot lump of basalt will rise and begin to melt. As it nears the surface, it will create a magma plume, a bubble of hot molten rock. This plume will eventually fuel a volcano under the ocean, which grows above the surface to form an island. The crustal plate moves as new volcanoes are created, causing the volcanoes to be spaced out in a line of separate islands. By observing the Hawaiian Islands, a geophysicist could conclude that the Pacific Plate is moving in the direction from Hawaii towards Kauai, and that it must have moved at a certain speed to move Kauai away from the hot spot in the last five million years.

Answer to #7

ANSWER: Convergent boundaries are created when two plates collide, with both plates moving toward each other. Divergent boundaries are created when two plates separate, with both plates moving away from each other. Transform boundaries are created when two plates slide past each other, neither separating or colliding.

Amazing, correctly answered