When Hans Selye injected laboratory rats with saline (salty water), what happened to the rats?

When Hans Selye injected laboratory rats with saline (salty water), what happened to the rats?
 
  a. Nothing; saline is harmless and only used as a control condition
 b. Nothing; rats recover quickly from stress because they are not prone to anxiety as humans are
 c. They developed ulcers, because saline has since been discovered to have negative health consequences
  d. They developed ulcers, because stress directly affected their physiology.

Question 2

In 1936, Canadian researcher Hans Selye discovered that giving injections to laboratory rats caused them to develop ulcers. His finding led to a new area of study called
 
  a. stress physiology.
 b. stress psychology.
 c. animal psychology.
 d. psychosomatic pathology.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true?
 
  a. Fifty percent of deaths from the 10 leading causes of death in the United States can be traced to behaviors common to certain lifestyles.
  b. Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States.
 c. Smoking has been estimated to cause around 20 percent of all deaths.
 d. All of the above