What role, if any, do cognitive disturbances play in anxiety disorders? What will be an ideal ...

Answer to #1

Children with anxiety disorders employ more maladaptive and less adaptive cognitive coping strategies in response to stressful life events than nonanxious children. Their cognitive coping strategies rely more on catastrophizing (e.g., thinking that something is far worse than it actually is) and rumination and less on positive reappraisal and planning (Legerstee et al., 2010).

Answer to #2

The developmental course of OCD in young children indicates that they typically have obsessions that are more vague than those of older children and are less likely to feel that their obsessions are abnormal. Young children with OCD often ask their parents endless questions related to their obsessions and make no effort to hide their discomfort. Most children over 8 years of age are aware that their obsessions are abnormal, and they are usually uncomfortable talking about them. They may try to hide or minimize them or deny they have them, which frustrates parents who know that something is wrong and want to help.

Answer to #3

One possibility is that things other than fear can produce these symptoms. A youngster may be distressed for a particular reason and that stress may increase production of adrenaline and other chemicals that produce physical symptoms of panic. Increased adrenaline may be chemically maintained in the body even after the stress is no longer present. Another possibility is that the youngster may breathe a little too fast (subtle hyperventilation), which also can produce symptoms. Because the over-breathing is very slight, the child gets used to it and does not realize that he or she is hyperventilating. A third possibility is that some youngsters are experiencing normal bodily changes but, because they are constantly monitoring their bodies (as adolescents are prone to do), they notice these sensations far more readily (Barlow, 2002).

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