Answer to #1Student responses can include gasoline, diesel and aviation fuel, jet fuel, heating oil, distillate oil, grease, road oils,
technical oil, medicine oil, alcohol, ammonia, ink, paint, plastic, synthetic rubber, food additives, and others.
Answer to #2Offshore drilling is more expensive and more dangerous. It includes jack-up rigs, drill ships, semisubmersible rigs,
and fixed platforms.
Answer to #3 Cable toolthis early method used a chisel to loosen the soil, then rotary drills used bits to break through the
rock and soil.
Directional drillsdrill the shaft at an angle
Special drills called turbodrills or electrodrillsrotate and bend, directing the cutting bit.
Answer to #4 Gravimeteruses the gravitational pull of the oil.
Magnetometermeasures the magnetic pull of the earth.
Seismographuses sound waves to locate oil.
Taken together, these devices indicate likely deposits of oil deep underground and are used to determine likely
drilling sites.
Answer to #5As plants (and to a lesser degree animals) died and decomposed, they formed thick deposits of organic matter. As
soil and rocks were deposited over the organic deposits, pressure was exerted on the materials from the weight,
forming oil and natural gas.
Answer to #6The most dangerous coal mines are underground mines. There are chances of cave-ins, explosions, and exposure
to poisonous gases.
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