As of 2012, how many African Americans have served on the U.S. Supreme Court?

As of 2012, how many African Americans have served on the U.S. Supreme Court?
 
  a. three
  b. five
  c. one
  d. two

Question -2-

In a process known as __________, presidents generally allow senators from the state in which a judicial vacancy occurs to block the nomination.
 
  a. advice and consent
  b. presidential deference
  c. judicial review
  d. senatorial courtesy

Question -3-

Which of the following protects the independence of the federal judiciary?
 
  a. Federal judges serve a twenty-year term and cannot be removed during that term.
  b. The salary of federal judges cannot be reduced during their tenure.
  c. Federal judges cannot be impeached for any reason.
  d. The votes of individual judges are secret from the public.

Question -4-

Based on Figure 13.1, Structure of Federal Courts, which of the following has no original jurisdiction?
 
  a. the Supreme Court
  b. U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of California
  c. U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio
  d. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit

Question -5-

According to Marbury v. Madison, which clause implies the power of judicial review?
 
  a. necessary and proper
  b. due process
  c. precedential
  d. supremacy