Which of the following is not a reason why mnemonic devices are effective?

Which of the following is not a reason why mnemonic devices are effective?
 
  a. Organization and structure are provided.
  b. Material is maintained in working memory. c. Retrieval cues are paired with the material. d. The learner has to be an active participant.

Ques. 2

Identify the common weakness of research proposals that is illustrated in each of the following statements or questions. The study comparing the effectiveness of two methods of teaching reading did not look at the influence of students' gender or their verbal aptitude on achievement.
 
  a. The problem lacks practical or theoretical significance.
  b. The hypothesis or question is too broadly stated.
  c. The procedures are lacking in detail.
  d. Relevant variables are not considered.
  e. The design is not appropriate for answering the research question.

Ques. 3

The Spanish word for cat is gato, which looks and sounds somewhat like gate-o. If you visualize a cat sitting on an o-shaped gate to remember this Spanish word, you are using a(n) mnemonic.
 
  a. method of loci
  b. acronym
  c. pegword
  d. keyword