A researcher wants to reduce observer bias and rating errors in a systematic classroom observational study. Which of the following would not be a recommended procedure?
a. Make the observational task as objective as possible.
b. Train the observers to a high level of reliability.
c. Give the observers as much information as possible about the research problem, hypotheses, and subject characteristics.
d. Do not give the observers information about the research problem, hypotheses, and subject characteristics.
Ques. 2For the items listed, select the one that best represents the order form abstract to concrete.
a. Construct, scale, operation definition, variable
b. Variable, construct, operational definition, scale
c. Construct, variable, operational definition, scale
d. Construct, variable, scale, operational definition
Ques. 3Select the type of problem likely to be made in the situations listed. A researcher using a five-point rating scale to assess kindergartners' creativeness in their drawing gives only ratings of 4 or 5.
a. Observer bias
b. Error of leniency
c. Error of central tendency
d. Halo effect
e. Contamination
Ques. 4Select the type of problem likely to be made in the situations listed. A researcher who observes a student speaking rudely to her teacher rates that student very low on a number of behavioral traits.
a. Observer bias
b. Error of leniency
c. Error of central tendency
d. Halo effect
e. Contamination
Ques. 5Select the type of problem likely to be made in the situations listed. A researcher strongly opposed to inclusion must make frequency counts of various interactions in a classroom with a number of disabled students.
a. Observer bias
b. Error of leniency
c. Error of central tendency
d. Halo effect
e. Contamination
Ques. 6To select the most discriminating items for a Likert-type attitude scale, one would administer the items to a pilot group and then calculate the correlations between
a. item scores and total scores.
b. scores on the odd and even items.
c. scores on the positively stated and the negatively stated items.
d. scores on the scale and scores on criterion measuring the same attitudes.
Ques. 7Consider two statements from a Likert attitude scale measuring attitudes toward medical use of marijuana: (1) Marijuana should be legal for medical use; (2) Marijuana should not be legalized even for medical use . A student marked SA to the first statement, and SD to the second statement. What is this student's score based on these two statements?
a. 2 c. 8
b. 6 d. 10
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