If the research hypothesis states that alcohol affects short-term memory, the null hypothesis states
a. alcohol does not decrease short-term memory.
b. alcohol decreases short-term memory.
c. alcohol has no effect on short-term memory.
d. alcohol increases short-term memory.
Ques. 2When testing a hypothesis, a researcher uses
a. inductive reasoning to determine the expected consequences
b. deductive reasoning to determine the expected consequences.
c. both a and b.
d. neither a nor b.
Ques. 3Null hypotheses are employed to
a. prove there is a relationship between the variables of the study.
b. prove there is no relationship between the variables.
c. investigate why there is no relationship when one is expected.
d. compare findings of a study with what would be expected by chance.
Ques. 4The main advantage of a pilot study of a proposed research study is
a. it permits a check of the data collection and the analysis procedures.
b. it provides more control over the procedures than is generally possible in the actual research project.
c. it enables the researcher to know in advance the likely outcome of the study.
Ques. 5Which of the following statements is/are true of null hypotheses?
a. They state that there is no relationship between variables.
b. They are used to determine how likely it is that observed results are due to chance alone.
c. They are hypotheses that researchers typically hope to retain.
d. a and b are true.
e. a, b, and c are true.
Ques. 6Which one of the following is
not included in the criteria for an acceptable research hypothesis?
a. It explains existing data in simpler terms than competing hypotheses do.
b. It has better than a 50 percent chance of being true.
c. It fits into a framework of existing theories.
d. It does not contradict the laws of nature.
e. It presents an adequate explanation of the research problem.
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