A mistake made by some teachers, particularly when teaching elementary and middle school students, ...

A mistake made by some teachers, particularly when teaching elementary and middle school students, is to engage a single child in a lengthy interaction.
 
  Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Ques. 2

Which one of the following statements most accurately describes Vygotsky's view of how cognitive development occurs?
 
  a. Children's cognitive growth should be judged on the basis of their actual developmental level, not on the basis of their level of potential development.
  b. Cognitive development progresses through four distinct stages; each stage is characterized by increasingly complex thought and language.
  c. Children develop, in part, by working on challenging tasks with the assistance of more competent individuals.
  d. Language and thought, although closely intertwined in the first few years of life, become increasingly distinct entities over time.

Ques. 3

Which one of the following is the best example of a mediated learning experience?
 
  a. Ms. O'Brien insists that students sit quietly at their desks before she dismisses them for lunch.
  b. Mr. James reflects on the lesson he taught earlier in the day. I suspect that most of my students still don't understand the concepts I was trying to teach them, he thinks.
  c. Mr. Lucas asks his students to read Chapter 5 in their textbooks over the weekend. You'll find that the chapter is more challenging than previous ones, he says.
  d. As Ms. Robinson takes a group of children hiking, she gathers leaves from maple, oak, and elm trees and points out the ways in which the leaves from the trees are distinctly different.

Ques. 4

Three of the following statements are consistent with Vygotsky's views about the kinds of diversity we are likely to see in students. Which statement is not consistent with Vygotsky's theory?
 
  a. Children in any single age-group are apt to have different zones of proximal development.
  b. Children from some cultures are more concerned about being punctual to appointments than children from certain other cultures are.
  c. Some children frequently engage in self-talk, whereas other children don't use it at all.
  d. Children from different cultures might interpret certain environmental events (e.g., a tornado or hurricane) in distinctly different ways.

Ques. 5

The secondary school teacher is more likely to see a wide range of discipline problems.
 
  Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Ques. 6

From Vygotsky's perspective, what important role does inner speech play in children's thinking and cognitive development?
 
  a. By giving themselves directions about what to do next, children guide themselves through complex tasks.
  b. By using words mentally as well as orally, children develop more abstract representations of the world.
  c. By practicing various grammatical structures mentally, children acquire more complex language capabilities.
  d. By talking to themselves about what they should have done or said in a particular situation, children remember the situation more vividly.