A biology teacher wants students to remember the various components of a cell (nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane). Considering what psychologists have learned about storage and retrieval, the teacher would be well advised to help students encode information about the cell:
A) Primarily in a visual form, because visual images usually remain vivid in memory for a long period of time.
B) Primarily in a verbal form, because language underlies much of human learning.
C) In both visual and verbal forms.
D) In a relatively unencoded form for a few days, to allow for greater flexibility in encoding later on.
Ques. 2Natalie is sometimes too impulsive when she answers multiple-choice questions on standardized achievement tests: She picks an answer before she has even read all the alternatives. Natalie knows she has a problem and would really like to change her behavior. The concept we can best use to help Natalie is:
A) Self-instructions.
B) Divergent thinking.
C) Mental set.
D) Problem-based learning.
Ques. 3Which of the following is not consistent with brain research?
A) Teachers should challenge students to think nonstop throughout the day so that they don't have any time for mental relaxation.
B) Physical exercise has been shown to enhance the functioning of the central executive.
C) Sleep is important to learning because students consolidate new memories while they are sleeping.
D) Physical exercise is beneficial to the health of the brain.
Ques. 4Morris is trying to remember how to spell the word broccoli. He retrieves the first three letters (B R O) and the last three (O L I), then assumes that the kuh sound in the middle of the word must be a K. He writes brokoli on his paper. Morris' process of remembering how to spell the word (in this case, incorrectly) illustrates the use of:
A) A script.
B) A retrieval cue.
C) Construction in retrieval.
D) Verbal mediation.
Ques. 5As Jane reads about General Custer's last stand, she pictures him as he must have looked, with long blonde hair and a full mustache, riding tall and proud on the open plain just before he was attacked. Considering what psychologists have learned about the effectiveness of visual imagery, we can predict that Jane will:
A) Get confused by the vividness of her visual image.
B) Remember the information better than she might otherwise.
C) Store the information in her working memory rather than in her long-term memory.
D) Remember her image without any loss of detail for a year or longer.
Ques. 6Benji, a student in your class, exhibits some behaviors that aren't typical to other students in your class. At first, you thought he was extremely gifted and likely to be an overachiever, but as time has passed, you have realized that although he can tell you facts and can learn information quickly, he can't really apply his new knowledge. He also has difficulty getting along with his peers and has an almost all-consuming interest in comic books. He also becomes very upset if something unexpected happens in class. As you've gotten to know Benji, you begin to suspect that he is exhibiting characteristics of
a. Asperger's Syndrome.
b. a learning disability.
c. attention deficit and hyperactivity.
d. an emotional or behavioral problem.
Ques. 7When modifying whole-class instruction to meet widely varying student needs, teachers sometimes insist that all students complete the basic work before moving to more engaging, interesting activities. This strategy is
a. ineffective, because whole-class instruction is intended to be just that: instruction for the whole class. All students should be doing the same thing throughout the lesson period.
b. effective, because in life, you often are expected to eat your vegetables before you get dessert, and the same principle applies to motivating students.
c. effective, because all students can access the engaging activities if they work diligently and efficiently.
d. ineffective, because low-achieving or unmotivated students may never make it to the fun and engaging activities.
Ques. 8When you are studying for a test, you may often try to identify interrelationships among the new pieces of information you are learning. Psychologists call this process:
A) Facilitative interference.
B) Organization.
C) Rehearsal.
D) Automaticity.
Ques. 9For both students with visual impairments and students with hearing impairments, the text recommends which of the following modifications?
a. Write all directions on the board.
b. Allow them to walk up to the board or instructional displays as needed.
c. Try to reduce glare on yourself or on instructional displays.
d. Restate other students' questions and responses.
Ques. 10Mr. Dedeaux comes to your classroom the week before you start your job in a new school. He looks to see the list of which students will be in your class. Yikes You have Matthew and Clark I am so sorrythey are so difficult. They're both lazy and unmotivated. I had Clark in class last year and he made my life miserable.. You think to yourself,
a. I'm glad to have this information, just as I'm glad to have access to the boys' cumulative records but I'm going to take it with a grain of salt..
b. I'm so glad he told me this. Now I can start out really tough on these two boys so they know they can't get away with anything..
c. Well, I can always give them lots of skill sheets to do and tell them that they can't participate in the really exciting activities until they've completed the worksheets. That should motivate them..
d. I never listen to anything another teacher says about a student. I want every child to have a completely blank slate in my classroom..
Ques. 11Which of the following statements is a classroom management principle for remedial level or lower track classes compared with regular classes?
a. More seatwork and less content development should be used.
b. More attention to teaching appropriate behavior will be necessary.
c. The use of penalties and detention should be avoided in order to create a more positive climate.
d. Grades should be determined mainly by quizzes and tests in order to reduce failure caused by students' incomplete homework and classwork.
Ques. 12Nicole learns the formula E = mc2 by repeating it to herself many times. Which one of the following processes is Nicole most clearly demonstrating?
A) Elaboration
B) Meaningful learning
C) Rehearsal
D) Internal organization
Ques. 13Four students are storing this fact: Europeans first settled at St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565. Based on the following information, which student is probably going to have the most difficult time retrieving the information from long-term memory a few days later?
A) Alexander repeats the fact to himself 10 times in a row.
B) Blondie once visited the fortress there and recalls that it was several hundred years old.
C) Cookie realizes that 1565 was more than four hundred years ago.
D) Dagwood realizes that the Spanish settled in St. Augustine, Florida, before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth.
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