Three of the following statements are true about inquiry learning as an instructional strategy. Which statement is false?
a. Students benefit from inquiry learning activities only when they're given total control over the topic to study and how to study it.
b. Inquiry learning activities require students to use various reasoning processes to examine the phenomena under investigation.
c. Inquiry learning activities can be effective even when they involve experimentation with virtual objects in a computer program.
d. Inquiry learning activities can create a heavy cognitive load, which exceeds children's working memory capacities.
Ques. 2Piaget spoke of egocentrism as a characteristic of preoperational thought. Three of the following are examples of egocentrism as Piaget defined it. Which one is not an example of preoperational egocentrism?
a. Justin is constantly grabbing objects and pulling them toward himself.
b. Lois tells a story as if her listeners already know many details they can't possibly know.
c. Kate cannot make sense of the question How do you think Molly feels?
d. Frank thinks that Lucinda sees the same thing he does, even though Lucinda is in a different room.
Ques. 3From Piaget's perspective, why is language critical for children's cognitive development?
a. It helps them get things they want.
b. It gives them a means for symbolically thinking about objects and events.
c. It takes up much of their mental energy and so helps to keep them from being easily distracted.
d. It enhances their self-efficacy, because they are now aware that they can communicate effectively with other human beings.
Ques. 4Vygotsky proposed that thought and language are:
a. Closely connected at all stages of life
b. Largely independent before age two but closely connected thereafter
c. Closely connected early in life and become increasingly independent with age
d. Largely independent until the elementary school years and closely connected thereafter
Ques. 5The following four junior high school science teachers are teaching the concept molecule to their students. In each classroom, some of the students are at Piaget's formal operations stage and others are at the concrete operations stage. In which classroom are the concrete operational students most likely to have difficulty understanding?
a. Mr. Armani lets students touch and manipulate concrete models of various molecules.
b. Mr. Bendetti lets students look at the same concrete models that Mr. Armani has used.
c. Mr. Carmen verbally describes how different elements are made up of different numbers of neutrons, protons, and electrons.
d. Mr. Davidson has students role-play being neutrons, protons, and electrons. The neutron and proton students huddle together in the middle of the room, and the electrons move around them.
Ques. 6Which one of the following is the best example of a flashbulb memory?
a. Remembering exactly what you were doing when you heard very upsetting news
b. Retrieving a detailed visual image of how a parent or sibling looks
c. Recalling a dream and erroneously thinking that it actually happened to you
d. Vividly remembering an event that never happened, not even in your dreams
Ques. 7As Valerie grows older, she becomes increasingly proficient in a variety of tasks involving numerical reasoning, including counting, adding and subtracting, and comparing two-digit numbers. From a neo-Piagetian perspective, Valerie's simultaneous progress in these diverse areas reflects the idea that she:
a. Is in a state of equilibrium
b. Is in her zone of proximal development for numerical tasks
c. Can assimilate diverse mathematical tasks into a single mega-scheme
d. Has a central conceptual structure for numbers
Ques. 8If you were teaching students a new concept, which strategy would be most effective?
a. Presenting only positive instances, so students don't get confused.
b. Presenting only negative instances, so students aren't overwhelmed.
c. Describing the concept's correlational features.
d. Presenting a definition that identifies defining features.
Ques. 9Only one of the following conclusions can be derived from recent research regarding Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Which one?
a. Middle school and secondary school students typically have an easier time thinking logically in the social sciences than they do in the physical and life sciences.
b. Children will think more logically about a topic when they have acquired relevant knowledge and experiences related to the topic.
c. Many young people continue to show signs of preoperational thinking until well into the high school years.
d. Children have an easier time understanding fractions and proportions in adolescence if such concepts are first introduced at the same time that division is introduced (e.g., in third grade).
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