The alphabetic principle refers to the idea that:
a. individual letters map onto specific sounds.
b. letters cannot be flipped or turned.
c. the letters in the alphabet go from A to Z.
d. the letters in words should be read from left to right.
Ques. 2In their comprehensive study of language development in professional, working-class, and low-income families, Hart and Risley (1995) found that:
a. children from lower-income families have bigger expressive vocabularies IF their family speaks more than one language at home.
b. children with higher IQs had bigger vocabularies than children with lower IQs, regardless of family socioeconomic status.
c. the greatest predictor of a child's vocabulary at age 3 is the socioeconomic status of the child's family.
d. vocabulary growth is most strongly associated with exposure to adult language during the infant and toddler years.
Ques. 3Although preschoolers develop domain-specific knowledge at different rates, research suggests that when children are 3-1/2 to 4 years old, they CANNOT yet:
a. compare objects based on length or weight.
b. create patterns of numbers or objects without assistance.
c. differentiate between living and nonliving things.
d. see how their family members are related.
Ques. 4According to cognitive theory, preschool children watch and reproduce gender-stereotypical behaviors because:
a. their environments provided primarily gender-stereotypical role models.
b. they are constantly looking for clues about how they should themselves behave.
c. they have already developed an understanding of gender constancy.
d. they have not yet developed an understanding of gender identity or gender stability.
Ques. 5Preschoolers' developing abilities to engage in pretend play most clearly show the onset of:
a. cognitive flexibility.
b. symbolic thinking.
c. theory of mind.
d. working memory.
Ques. 6Gardner argued that education must include both individuation and pluralization. Pluralization, in this approach, means that:
a. all students' personal characteristics must be considered when planning lessons.
b. important ideas are presented in multiple ways that tap different intelligences.
c. in a diverse classroom, concepts and examples represent a variety of cultures.
d. people use different parts of their brains to process various kinds of information.
Ques. 7Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences includes the ability to convey knowledge to others as:
a. a skill rather than an intelligence.
b. interpersonal intelligence.
c. pedagogical intelligence.
d. verbal-linguistic intelligence.
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