A positive correlation exists between the number of close and personal friends one has and levels of self-esteem. This finding
a. suggests that high self-esteem enhances one's capability to develop close personal friendships.
b. suggests that having close friends leads to increased self-esteem.
c. is difficult to interpret because the direction of the influence cannot be determined.
d. suggests that friends are not a source children use to help them determine their competence and self-worth.
Question 2In observational learning, children take a more passive role than in classical or operant conditioning.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Question 3Because friendship includes the sharing of affection and emotional support, friendships
a. form as soon as children are able to experience emotions.
b. do not emerge until late in childhood when children understand emotions.
c. may play a role in protecting children from anxiety and stress.
d. may serve as a significant source of anxiety and stress.
Question 4Behaviors tend to increase when followed by negative reinforcement.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Question 5Craig and Sandra's relationship has a distinct sense of mutual reciprocity and a significant affective investment from each child. Their relationship can be defined as a
a. friendship. c. crowd.
b. clique. d. model.
Question 6The loss of rewards is known as negative reinforcement.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Question 7All of the following are true of children's friendships except
a. they develop between children with similar play styles and language skills.
b. they tend to reinforce children's initial tendencies.
c. they rarely take place between agemates.
d. they tend to make friends resemble each other.
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