Your textbook discusses the early history of cognitive psychology. According to this discussion,
a. Hermann Ebbinghaus opposed cognitive psychology because it did not pay enough attention to emotions.
b. Mary Whiton Calkins studied people's introspections about nonsense words.
c. William James suggested that our everyday cognitive processes are passive, rather than active.
d. Wilhelm Wundt emphasized that introspection could provide useful information, if participants were well trained.
Question 2The primary contribution of Hermann Ebbinghaus to current cognitive psychology was
a. the emphasis on ecological validity.
b. the emphasis on research employing hundreds of subjects in each study.
c. research about factors that might influence human memory.
d. the notion of top-down processing.
Question 3In the introspection technique,
a. people describe what they are thinking as they perform a task.
b. people report their daily experiences in an informal, unstructured fashion.
c. the experimenter observes how people respond to learning tasks.
d. emotional responses are emphasized, rather than a variety of thought processes.
Question 4Suppose that your professor tells you that you must locate a journal article about cognitive psychology that presents empirical evidence. You should look for an article that
a. studies humans, rather than other animals.
b. emphasizes evidence collected in experiments.
c. provides a theoretical explanation for previous research.
d. uses at least two different statistical analyses.
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