Ryan and Berkowitz claim that there are more opportunities than ever before for gay and lesbian couples to become parents. Which of the following is NOT a reason they cited?
a. The broad revolution in what constitutes a family that has occurred in the last 30 years.
b. Revolutions in medical technology that have made sperm donorship more of a viable option.
c. An increasing acceptance by even conservative branches of religions to be more open to anyone who wants to be a loving and supportive parent.
d. An amalgamation of the gay and lesbian communities that have made this form of family more possible.
Question 2Whenever possible, gay and lesbian parents try to create the appearance of a genetic family. In terms of how they do this, couples make sure that
a. Whenever possible, the baby will have the same racial background as they.
b. They make sure that they can find someone of similar ethnicity (i.e., people of Italian-American descent will look for a baby from Italian-American donors) as their own.
c. They chose donors that looked physically like them.
d. All of the above.
Question 3Which if the following is NOT a strategy used by gay men and women try to assure that the child that they will parent has some features that look like them?
a. Gay men can mix their sperm before inseminating their chosen egg donor.
b. Lesbians can decide that one woman in the couple will carry the inseminated sperm and bear the child through pregnancy.
c. Gays often go to night clubs and other public areas looking for people who resemble them, and then often the woman money to carry their child.
d. Some gays and lesbians go to websites or have face-to-face interactions with potential donors to see if there is a resemblance, and choose their donors in this way.
Question 4Gay men who seek adoption fear that the biological or foster mother will back out when she finds out that her child will go to a gay family. Which of the following is a strategy used by gay men to increase their chances that this will not happen?
a. They only go to family members to serve as surrogates who will carry the baby for them.
b. They deliberately choose foster parents who have already relinquished their biological children, thereby giving them greater confidence that the mother will give up her next child.
c. They find lesbians who are willing to carry their baby, but who do not want children of their own.
d. There are no strategies that gay men can use to increase their chances of adoption since most people are fearful of gay men as fathers.
Question 5Is it possible for gay men and lesbians to go to adoption agencies to become parents?
a. No, the religious institutions in America have banned together to make sure that this form of adoption would not be permitted.
b. Yes, it is fairly simple and no different from heterosexual couples seeking to adopt.
c. Yes, but adoption agencies remain extremely homophobic and it is very difficult for potential gay parents to adopt.
d. No, while it is legal in some states to be a same-sex couple, Federal laws prohibit adoption by gay couples.
Question 6Why was it ironic and even humorous that Leonard, one of the gay men in this study, was given a copy of Playboy Magazine to assist him at the donor-insemination clinic?
a. As a gay man, Leonard would have no interest in photos of naked women to help him ejaculate.
b. By giving him Playboy Magazine, the clinic was assuming the dominance of heteronormativity as a sexual orientation.
c. In reality, this aid for donor insemination was not directed toward someone with Leonard's sexual desires.
d. All of the above.
Question 7According to this research, the opening up of same-sex marriage in several states has changed the way we think about gays and lesbians. In terms of gay parenting, Ryan and Berkowitz found that
a. society has opened up the closet and has now accepted gay men and lesbians as parents without much problem.
b. homophobia and heterosexism still dominates American culture, and gay and lesbian parents experience a great deal of resistance to parenting.
c. while some people remain homophobic, given the changes in the legal battle over same-sex marriage Americans may not accept it, but they have come to terms with it.
d. in actuality, all gay couples who are parents today are breaking the law and can be subject to arrest.
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