When hair is evaluated in racial terms such that bad hair is associated with the racial category black and good hair with the category white it is
a. reified.
b. institutionalized.
c. racialized.
d. idealized.
Question 2Differential association holds that while criminal techniques are learned from others, criminal attitudes are biologically transmitted from generation to generation.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Question 3Which one of the following statements describes how minorities respond to stigmatization?
a. Minorities respond as passive victims.
b. Minorities respond in predictable, aggressive ways.
c. Minorities claim discrimination even when it doesn't exist.
d. Minorities respond in a variety of ways to being treated as members of a category.
Question 4The theory of differential association predicts that regular and intimate relations with people holding deviant attitudes about obeying the community's laws will produce deviant behavior.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Question 5Goffman used the term normal to mean
a. healthy.
b. well-adjusted.
c. the stigma-free.
d. unique.
Question 6The lack of strong attachments to parents, teachers, and peers is a causal factor in the cultural transmission theory of deviance.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Question 7When studying stigmas, Goffman maintained that the primary focus should be on
a. what he calls mixed contacts.
b. the attribute that is defined as the stigma.
c. the three types of stigmas.
d. normals.
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