Herbert Spencer argued that the benefit of survival of the fittest was that competition creates opportunities for women and minorities.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Question 2If one respondent gives different answers to the same question at two different points in time, the researcher should be concerned about
a. reliability.
b. validity.
c. representativeness.
d. the Hawthorne effect.
Question 3Psychology and sociology share the common element of having the individual as the primary focus of analysis.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Question 4A researcher studying handwashing uses guidelines set by the American Society of Microbiology to determine if handwashing has taken place: use warm or hot running water and soap while washing for 10 to 15 seconds all surfaces, including wrists, palms, backs of hands, and under fingernails. This guideline is considered
a. an operational definition.
b. the Hawthorne effect.
c. a correlation.
d. a test.
Question 5Harriet Martineau argued that people cannot judge for themselves, so scientists must inform them about how ideals can be applied.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Question 6are concrete and specific criteria for observing and measuring independent and dependent variables.
a. Operational definitions
b. Hypotheses
c. Units of analysis
d. Traces
Question 7A paradigm is a body of systematically arranged knowledge that shows the operation of general laws.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
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