Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following statements is true?
  a. The fossil record supports Cuviers theory of
  catastrophism.
  b. According to the theory of catastrophism, more
  species were alive at the beginning of the world
  than are now present.
  c. According to the theory of catastrophism, new
  species developed out of the survivors of the
  catastrophes.
  d. The theory of catastrophism was based upon
  observable responses that organisms made to
  catastrophes.
  e. According to catastrophism there were several
  distinct periods of creation following each
  catastrophe.

Question 2

Cuvier, an anatomist and paleontologist, proposed
  that
  a. all present-day organisms have descended, with
  adaptations, from oneor possibly a few
  original organisms.
  b. the earths history has been marked by several
  periods when destruction of populations was
  widespread and that, after each such period, the
  earth was repopulated.
  c. evolutionary changes in organisms are caused by
  use and disuse.
  d. although evolution is responsible for all the
  changes that happen to species, one center of
  creation resulted in the original members of each
  species.
  e. none of these are true.