Teleost fishes deal with the osmotic stress of living in seawater in part by

Teleost fishes deal with the osmotic stress of living in seawater in part by
 
  a. active transport of ions into the body through the gills.
  b. excreting nitrogenous wastes through their kidneys as urea.
  c. active transport of ions out of the body by chloride cells.
  d. excreting excess salt through the actions of specialized salt glands in their heads.
  e. maintaining high levels of urea and trimethylamine oxide in body fluids.

Question 2

Sharks are able to survive having high levels of urea in their cells because
 
  a. urea stabilizes proteins.
  b. urea does not affect proteins.
  c. trimethylamine oxide counteracts the negative effects of urea.
  d. urea counteracts the unfolding of proteins by trimethylamine oxide.
  e. urea unfolds proteins that were improperly folded by trimethylamine oxide.