Summarize the evolution of sequencing technology beginning with the Sanger method.

 The first generation of DNA sequencing used the Sanger method to determine the DNA sequence. The Sanger method required that labeled dideoxynucleotides were added to a reaction so that the elongation of new DNA chains would terminate when the dideoxynucleotides were incorporated. In first generation sequencing, the detection of the terminated chains was not very sensitive. Second generation sequencing used similar chemistry, but miniaturized the reactions and improved detection methods and computation so that more sequence information could be collected very rapidly. Third generation sequencing improved detection such that single molecules could be detected, thus even more sequence could be generated. Fourth generation sequencing has moved beyond optical or light detection by using pH or charge changes to detect single molecules.

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