1) Match each description with the correct genetic term.
1) Selection of the most favourable characteristics
2) Transmission of parent’s characteristics by DNA found in genes
3) Offspring from the F1 cross
4) Offspring from the parental cross
5) Parents in the first cross
6) Organisms that always pass down the same characteristics to their offspring
7) When two forms of a trait express dominance and recessiveness
8) A characteristic of an organism that can have multiple forms, such as the colour of the flower or the shape of leaves
Selective Breeding ANSWER
Heredity Answer
Parental generation Answer
F1 generation Answer
F2 generation Answer
True breeding Answer
Law of Dominance Answer
Trait ANSWER
2) Match each description with the correct genetic term.
A) A trait expressed in offspring
B) A trait that is masked or not expressed in offspring
C) Identical paired alleles for a gene (TT or tt)
D) Two different alleles for a gene (Tt)
E) A basic unit of heredity
F) The outward appearance of the alleles
G)The allele combinations represented by letters or symbols
H) Alternate forms of a gene
Gene Answer
Heterozygous Answer
Recessive Answer
Alleles Answer
Dominant Answer
Homozygous Answer
Genotype Answer
Phenotype Answer
3) In garden pea plants, the yellow seed colour (Y) is dominant over the green seed colour (y).
What are the genotypes of heterozygous yellow seeds and homozygous recessive seeds, respectively?
a. yY and yy
b. yy and Yy
c. Yy and yy
d. Yy and YY
4)In garden pea plants, the purple flower colour (P) is dominant over the white flower colour (p).
What are the phenotypes of homozygous dominant and heterozygous flowers, respectively?
a. White and white
b. Purple and purple
c. White and purple
d. Purple and white
5) In garden pea plants, an inflated pod shape (I) is dominant over a pinched pod (i).
x= times multiplication
The cross between two true breeding inflated pods can be represented by
a. Ii x ii
b. II x II
c. ii x ii
d. II x ii
e. Ii x Ii
6) In fruit flies, long wings (L) are dominant over short wings (l).
LL, Ll, and ll represent
a. Three true breeding crosses
b. Three phenotypes
c. Three genotypes
d. Three dominants
7) When a trait is only expressed in the presence of two identical alleles, the genotype is
a. Heterozygous dominant
b. Heterozygous recessive
c. Homozygous recessive
d. Homozygous dominant
8) In sheep, a hairy coat (H) is dominant over a wooly fleece (h). The phenotype of a heterozygous sheep and a homozygous recessive sheep are, respectively,
a. HH and hh
b. Hairy and hairy
c. Hh and hh
d. Hairy and wooly
9) In garden pea plants, the yellow seed colour (Y) is dominant over the green seed colour (y). A true breeding yellow-seeded plant was crossed with a green-seeded plant. All of the F1 generation plants had yellow seeds.
Which of the following statements is true for the F1 generation?
a. None of the F1 generation plants will have the allele for green seeds.
b. Half of the F1 generation plants will have the allele for yellow seeds.
c. All of the F1 generation plants will have the allele for green seeds.
d. None of the F1 generation plants will have the allele for yellow seeds.
10) In mice, the waltzing allele (w) that causes the mouse to run in circles due to an inner ear defect is recessive to the non-waltzing allele (W).
If a heterozygous mouse mated with a waltzing mouse,
a. 75% of the offspring would have the recessive trait
b. 100% of the offspring would have a copy of the recessive allele
c. 100% of the offspring would have a copy of the dominant allele
d. 75% of the offspring would have the dominant trait
11) In mice, albinism (g) is recessive to grey coat colour (G). A grey mouse mated with an albino mouse. Over the course of several months, 38 pups were born. Out of 38 pups, 17 had a grey coat, and 21 were albino.
(x is times or multiplication)
Which of the following rows correctly identifies the parental and F1 generation genotypes?
a. Parental Cross F1 Genotypes
G G x g g Gg
b. Parental Cross F1 Genotypes
G g x g g Gg and gg
c. Parental Cross F1 Genotypes
G g x G g GG, Gg and gg
d. Parental Cross F1 Genotypes
G g x G G GG and Gg
12) Theoretically, what is the expected result from the parental cross of a grey mouse and an albino mouse, and why does the expected result not match the result stated in the information given above?
a. Theoretically, 100% of the mice should have grey coats so all 38 offspring should have grey coats. There was an experimental error that can account for the deviation.
b. Theoretically, there should be a 1:1 ratio of grey mice to albino mice, or 19 grey coat mice and 19 albino mice. With more litters, the actual results would match the expected results more closely.
c. Theoretically, there should be a 3:1 ratio of grey mice to albino mice, or 28.5 grey coat mice and 9.5 albino mice. There was an experimental error that can account for the deviation.
d. Theoretically, there should be a 3:1 ratio of grey mice to albino mice, or 29 grey coat mice and 9 albino mice. With more litters, the actual results would match the expected results more closely
13) Which of the following statements describes Mendel’s Law of Segregation?
a. The dominant allele is represented with an uppercase letter and the recessive allele is represented with a lowercase letter.
b. Dominant alleles are always expressed in a homozygous or heterozygous individual.
c. A Punnett square can be used to predict the outcome of a parental cross.
d. A Bb individual will produce B and b alleles, while a bb individual will only produce a b allele.