1._______________ is defined as a distinctive and relatively stable pattern of

1.   _______________ is defined as a distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behavior, thoughts, motives, and
   emotions that characterizes an individual throughout life.
   a.   A trait    c.   Temperament
   b.   Personality   d.   The ego

2.   Which component of personality is present at birth and is the reservoir of unconscious psychological energy?
   a.   the id   c.   the libido
   b.   the ego   d.   the superego

3.   Mark is angry when the teacher blames him for misbehaving when it actually was the child behind him who
   had been acting up.  As he leaves after school, he shoves another boy who gets in his way.  Freud would say
   that Mark is unconsciously using the defense mechanism of:
   a.   displacement.   c.   projection.
   b.   repression.   d.   denial.

4.   According to Freud, the psychosexual stage that occurs during infancy is called the:
   a.   latency stage.   c.   anal stage.
   b.   oral stage.   d.   phallic stage.

5.   Gordon Allport thinks of personalities as:
   a.   a few central traits and a greater number of secondary traits.
   b.   the ways we cope with the struggle to find meaning in existence.
   c.   whether or not a person received unconditional positive regard throughout childhood.
   d.   a gradual progression toward self-actualization.

6.   Raymond Cattell advanced the study of personality by:   
   a.   developing case-study analysis.   c.   devising the Myers-Briggs inventory.
   b.   using projective tests in his research.   d.   using factor analysis.
   
7.   Innate physiological dispositions to respond to the environment in certain ways that are present in infancy are
   called:
   a.   personalities.   c.   temperaments.
   b.   aptitudes.   d.   traits.

8.   Which of the following theories of personality would be most likely to emphasize the freedom of individuals
   to choose to act in particular ways?
   a.   humanist   c.   psychodynamic
   b.   behaviorist   d.   collectivist

9.   For Carl Rogers, our personalities reflect:
   a.   a few central traits and a greater number of secondary traits.
   b.   the ways we cope with the struggle to find meaning in existence.
   c.   whether or not a person received unconditional positive regard throughout childhood.
   d.   a gradual progression toward self-actualization.

10.   Which of the following is NOT a factor that might cause personality differences in non-twin siblings?
   a.   differing genes   c.   their parents’ style of child rearing 
   b.   chance unpredictable events   d.   differing peer groups