a). how these new strains emerged, how did they come to be?
It's a natural phenomenon. Some strains of bacteria emerge due to the exposure of antibiotics, for instance. It depends on where the species grows and many other factors, so it's difficult to pinpoint a specific reason. If there is research dedicated to studying the genomes of these different strains of
V. parahaemolyticus, I suggest studying what those researchers have found specifically - every other reason is speculation.
b). how this could have been affected by climate change? Apart from the fact that it can create more favourable conditions (I have already covered this)
Thogether with the increase of global average temperatures, changes in patterns of precipitation and runoff are expected which may lead to a consequent reduction in the salinity of estuaries and coastal wetlands. Many marine bacterial pathogens of relevance to human health grow preferentially above 15 °C and a salinity below 25 ppt NaCl. Among these are Vibrios. They cause various infections in humans, ranging from cholera to gastroenteritis-like symptoms, from eating raw or undercooked shellfish or from exposure to seawater.
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