Upon seeing an elderly man with white hair, a beard, and a bit of a belly, a toddler shouts, Look Mama, SANTA She identified the white hair, beard, and belly as:
a. prototypes.
b. exemplars.
c. characteristics.
d. rules.
Ques. 2On a standardized vocabulary test, children were asked, Which of the following would you expect to take you to the hospital if you were injured? and they were given, ambulance, car, airplane, and truck as choices. Ambulance was the correct answer, but several Eskimo children in a remote village in the Arctic selected airplane as a choice because airplanes were the only form of motorized transportation that came into their village. Of the following, which theory would provide the best explanation for the Eskimo children's choice?
a. Social cognitive theory
b. Sociocultural learning theory
c. Situated cognition
d. Cognitive load theory
Ques. 3Of the following, the most important characteristic of the concept cup is:
a. blue
b. handle
c. holds liquid
d. ceramic
Ques. 4The most highly typical instances or illustrations of concepts are best described as:
a. attributes.
b. exemplars.
c. features.
d. characteristics.
Ques. 5Having grown up in southern Florida, my friend Avery was stunned by how many trees there are in central Pennsylvania. In his mind, he equated tree with Palm trees and Mangroves. For him, Palm trees and Mangroves are best described as:
a. elements.
b. exemplars.
c. characteristics.
d. attributes.
Ques. 6Exemplar theories of concept learning are likely to be most effective for explaining how students learn which of the following concepts?
a. Herbivore
b. Socialist
c. Rectangle
d. Direct object
Ques. 7Which of the following best explains why educators prefer the term at risk to the term underachiever?
a. The term underachiever suggests that an inherent deficiency exists in the character of the students.
b. The term at risk has the political advantage of being able to solicit increased school funding.
c. The term underachiever places an inappropriate emphasis on high grades and performance compared to others.
d. The term at risk more nearly describes the long-term consequences of school failure.
Ques. 8The view that people learn concepts by constructing the best representations of a category, such as constructing the best representations of the concept reptile, most closely relates to which of the following?
a. Social cognitive theories of concept learning
b. Exemplar theories of concept learning
c. Information processing theories of concept learning
d. Rule-driven theories of concept learning
Ques. 9Of the following, which statement most nearly captures the primary emphasis of the learning sciences?
a. Learning should be practiced to automaticity.
b. Learning should be applied to real-world settings whenever possible.
c. Learning should be thoroughly and frequently assessed, and learners should be given informative feedback.
d. Learning should be positively reinforced with rewards that learners view as desirable.
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