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ela ela
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13 years ago
What are the three classes of "functional" RNAs? Briefly describe the role of each class of functional RNA.
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#1
Staff Member
13 years ago
tRNA (brings the correct amino acid to the mRNA during translation);
rRNA (major component of ribosomes);
snRNA [helps process RNA transcripts (especially, helps remove introns)].

Hope this help Smiling Face with Open Mouth
- Master of Science in Biology
- Bachelor of Science
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#2
13 years ago
My research tells me there are 4 types of RNA...

tRNA is the information adapter molecule. It is the direct interface between amino-acid sequence of a protein and the information in DNA

Messenger or mRNA is a copy of the information carried by a gene on the DNA. The role of mRNA is to move the information contained in DNA to the translation machinery.

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a component of the ribosomes, the protein synthetic factories in the cell

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) is the name used to refer to a number of small RNA molecules found in the nucleus. These RNA molecules are important in a number of processes including RNA splicing (removal of the introns from hnRNA) and maintenance of the telomeres, or chromosome ends
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mpinckney13mpinckney13
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13 years ago
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#4
13 years ago
1. mRNA or messenger RNA is the RNA produced by the transcription of DNA leading and lagging strands by DNA polymerase. mRNA is then translated into proteins by ribosomes.

2. rRNA is the variety of RNA that combines with different proteins to form ribosomes - the mRNA to protein translators - themselves.

3. tRNA or transfer RNA are short RNA sequences that act as intermediaries or adapters in ribosomal mRNA to protein translation
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#5
13 years ago
mRNA: Messenger RNA. This is RNA which goes on to be translated into protein.
tRNA: transfer RNA. tRNA has a role in translation of mRNA into protein. It recruits amino acids to the ribosome where they build the growing protein.
rRNA: ribosomal RNA. This makes up part of the ribosome, a protein-RNA complex which is involved in the translation of mature mRNA into protein.
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#6
13 years ago
Messenger RNA (mRNA)--an RNA transcript used to direct the synthesis of polypeptides, created from the process of transcription where the information from DNA is transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for ribosomal processing

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)--class of RNA found in ribosomes; there are multiple forms of rRNA, found in both subunits of the ribosome; carries the blueprint for RNA structure and function

Transfer RNA (tRNA)--considered the intermediary adapter molecule between mRNA and amino acids;tRNA molecules have amino acids covalently attached to one end an an anti-codon that can base pair with an mRNA codon at the other; tRNAs act to interpret information in mRNA and help position the amino acids on the ribosome (during protein synthesis)
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#7
13 years ago
mRNA- Transcript for making a protein. (instructions)
tRNA- The bridge between mRNA and protein. Each tRNA is specific to an amino acid. It recognizes the codon in the mRNA bound to a ribosome.
rRNA- Main component of the ribosome, which is the organelle that synthesizes proteins.
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#8
13 years ago
There are a lot more than three types of RNA, but the difference lies only in their FUNCTION. Structurally, all types of RNA are made up of the same ribonucleotides and can do the same types of folding and so on. Here are a few quick descriptions of some common types of RNA:

mRNA (messenger RNA): contain codons in an open reading frame to be translated into particular proteins
tRNA (transfer RNA): carry amino acids to the ribosome to build up a polypeptide chain
rRNA (ribosomal RNA): various rRNA subunits come together to create a functional ribosome (ex. prokaryotes have a 5S rRNA, 23S rRNA, 16S rRNA, etc)
snRNA (small nuclear RNA): are part of spliceosomes, involved in splicing of pre-mRNA exons and introns to make a mature mRNA
siRNA (small interfering RNA): serve as templates in a larger RISC complex used to degrade target RNA sequences
miRNA (micro RNA): used as templates in the RISC complex to inactivate target RNA sequences
snoRNA (small nucleolar RNA): hidden in RNA introns, snoRNA modify ribosomal RNA within the nucleolus

...and many more. Hope that is enough to start you off! You can always find out more with a little research.
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#9
13 years ago
As Darwin famously stated as a principle of an ecosystem, “In nature there exists variety”, a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell is no different. There are three different types of Ribonucleic Acid, or RNA. First lets deduce the ribose sugar which is a main component in the RNA structure. The ribose sugar possess a hydroxyl functional group on the 2’ carbon, in comparison to the normal DNA which is deoxyribose, missing a hydroxyl group on the 2’ carbon, therefore has loss of oxygen. There is still a phosphodiester bond composed on the 5’ of each nucleotide and a glycosyl bond on the 1’ with the nitrogenous base. Each RNA is single stranded, unlike DNA having a complementary double strand. Also, adenine bonds with uracil, guanine with cytosine in the complementary nitrogen bonding. Finally, RNA may reside in the nucleus and cytoplasm.

The three different types of RNA are messengar RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) each have different characteristic and key functions. Messenger RNA varies in length, as it is relative to the gene that is being copied, through the process of transcription. It acts as an intermediary between DNA and the ribosomes, in the cytoplasm. It is then read, translated, and denotes proteins by the ribosome. Transfer RNA functions as a delivery system of amino acids to ribosomes as they synthesize proteins. This is based on the anticodon sequence complementary to the codon sequence of the mRNA on the peptide and active sites located on the large subunit of the ribosome. Usually, they are very short, consisting only of 70-90 base pairs long. Finally, ribosomal RNA binds with proteins to form the ribosomes located in the cytoplasm. There length also varies. This is a very general description, however, hopefully it helps.
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#10
13 years ago
- mRNA - They are produced in nucleus and is found in nucleus and cytoplasm [especially on ribosomes]. It is made on the DNA template, it carries coded instructions for the synthesis of one or more proteins from nucleus to ribosomes..

- rRNA - They are also produced in the nucleus of the cells. The molecules of mRNA are very closely bound to the protein fraction. Its found only in ribosomes. It forms a part of ribosome structure and helps in locating the mRNA correctly on ribosome.

- tRNA - They are produced in nucleus of the cell and are found in cytoplasm. tRNA act as amino acid carriers. They take specific amino acid from cytoplasm to mRNA template on ribosome.
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#11
13 years ago
Types of RNA:
tRNA- Collects amino acid and transfers it to where its required

mRNA- Forms the template to synthesis DNA amino acid sequence specific

rRNA-site for Replication to take place.

There is a template strand which is used to synthesis RNA and there isa Coding strand which is complementary to the template strand which means it is identical to the RNA molecule provided no errors occurred and uracil replaces thymine in RNA
mRNA is necessary beacause DNA cannot risk being exposed to elements capable of inducing mutations and therefore the DNA molecule makes a template to use rather than its original source of genetic information.
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#12
12 years ago
snRNA is found only in eukaryotes. They are involved with gene splicing where they remove bits of pieces of the DNA gene to create the final version of the active gene (kind of like removing extra pieces that you don't need in the gene when coding for a protein). Prokaryotes lack this gene splicing pathway more or less.

mRNA = Creates a template of the DNA sequence within the nucleus and brings it outside into the cytoplasm for protein synthesis.

rRNA = The ribosome portion that attaches onto the mRNA and begins to build the protein product based on the sequence of the mRNA (copied from the DNA).

tRNA = The pieces that actually go around the cytoplasm and fetch individual amino acids back to the ribosome (which is now attached to the mRNA) to polymerize them into a polypeptide chain (the protein).
wrote...
#13
12 years ago
Functional RNAs are as active as RNA. They can be classified into following groups according to their function:
a) Those RNA that transfer information DNA to protein
Following two classes of functional RNA perform this function:
i) tRNA (transfer RNA): During the process of translation tRNA brings the correct amino acid to mRNA.
ii) rRNA (ribosomal RNA): They are major component of ribosome. rRNA guides the assembly of amino acid chain by mRNA and tRNAs.
b) In processing of other RNA
   snRNAs (small nuclear RNAs): RNA is specific to eukaryote. snRNAs unite with protein subunits to form ribonucleoprotein processing complex that removes introns from eukayotic mRNAs.
c) In regulation of RNA and maintains genome stability
They are mainly found in eukaryotes. Following three classes of functional RNA perform this function:
i) miRNAs (microRNAs): It regulates the amount of protein produced by eukaryotic genes.
ii) siRNAs (small interfering RNAs): Helps protect the integrity of plant and animal genomes.  It inhibits production of viruses. It prevents the spread of transposable elements to other chromosomal loci. In plants it restrains transposable elements.
iii) piRNAs (piwi-interacting RNA): Helps protect the integrity of plant and animal genomes. It prevents the spread of transposable elements to other chromosomal loci. In animals it restrains transposable elements.
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