1. Which of the following describes ethylene response mutants identified without using any hormones in the triple response mutant screen?
a. Hormone insensitive mutant
b. Hormone receptor mutant
c. Hormone deficient mutant
d. Constitutive response mutant
e. Hormone overproducer mutant
f. 4 and 5
2. Annual growth rings are detectable in tree stem transverse sections because
a. A layer of ray tissue is produced at the end of each year
b. Phloem alternates with xylem
c. Vessels are larger than tracheids
d. Vessels produced in the late summer are smaller than those produced in spring
e. Vessels produced in the late summer are larger than those produced in the spring
3. When a tree is cut to expose the transverse surface of its wood, one can see
a. A cross-sectional view of cells in the radial system
b. A longitudinal-section view of cells in the axial system
c. A cross-sectional view of cells in the axial system
d. A longitudinal-section view of cells in the radial system
e. 1 and 2
f. 3 and 4
4. Roles for vascular rays may include
a. Transport of food substances from secondary phloem to secondary xylem
b. Storage of starch, proteins and lipids
c. Synthesis of secondary metabolites
d. Transport of water from secondary xylem to secondary phloem
e. All of the above
5. Activation tagging is a method for _________ genetics research, and double-stranded RNA-mediated gene silencing is a method for _________ genetics research.
a. reverse/reverse
b. reverse/forward
c. forward/forward
d. forward/reverse
6. [True/False] Many signal transduction pathways rely on the reversible phosphorylation of proteins to regulate pathway activity.
7. [True/False] Both the vascular cambium and the cork cambium contribute to the production of wood.
8. [True/False] Annual growth rings are visible in wood because early wood and late wood have different densities.
9. [True/False] Isolation of a hormone signal transduction mutant always requires the application of a hormone treatment.
10. [True/False] Abscisic acid (ABA) promotes and gibberellic acid (GA) inhibits germination of Arabidopsis seeds.
11. [True/False] The expression of auxin-induced genes depends on the breakdown of transcription factors that repress auxin-induced gene expression.
12. [True/False] Ethylene-induced responses are negatively regulated in the absence of ethylene.
13. [True/False] Receptors for auxin, cytokinin, and ethylene have been identified.
14. [True/False] Seedlings grown in far-red light remain etiolated until they are exposed to red light or white light.
15. [True/False] The shade avoidance syndrome results when plants are grown in an understory environment that is enriched in red light.
16. [True/False] The dominant energy source for wood-feeding termites is derived from the breakdown of cellulose by symbiotic bacteria residing in the termite gut.
17. [True/False] The driving force for apoplastic sucrose loading is a transmembrane proton gradient that is maintained by an ATP-dependent proton pump.
Thank you so much!
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