What the hell is Dark Matter and Dark Energy?

In astronomy and cosmology, dark matter is matter that is inferred to exist from gravitational effects on visible matter and background radiation, but is undetectable by emitted or scattered electromagnetic radiation. Its existence was hypothesized to account for discrepancies between measurements of the mass of galaxies, clusters of galaxies and the entire universe made through dynamical and general relativistic means, and measurements based on the mass of the visible "luminous" matter these objects contain: stars and the gas and dust of the interstellar and intergalactic media. According to observations of structures larger than galaxies, as well as Big Bang cosmology interpreted under the "Friedmann equations" and the "FLRW metric", dark matter accounts for 23% of the mass-energy density of the observable universe, while the ordinary matter accounts for only 4.6% (the remainder is attributed to dark energy). From these figures, dark matter constitutes 80% of the matter in the universe, while ordinary matter makes up only 20%.

Dark matter was postulated by Fritz Zwicky in 1934 to account for evidence of "missing mass" in the orbital velocities of galaxies in clusters. Subsequently, other observations have indicated the presence of dark matter in the universe, including the rotational speeds of galaxies, gravitational lensing of background objects by galaxy clusters such as the Bullet Cluster, and the temperature distribution of hot gas in galaxies and clusters of galaxies.

Dark matter plays a central role in state-of-the-art modeling of structure formation and galaxy evolution, and has measurable effects on the anisotropies observed in the cosmic microwave background. All these lines of evidence suggest that galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and the universe as a whole contain far more matter than that which interacts with electromagnetic radiation. The largest part of dark matter, which does not interact with electromagnetic radiation, is not only "dark" but also, by definition, utterly transparent.

Dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy that permeates all of space and tends to increase the rate of expansion of the universe. Dark energy is the most popular way to explain recent observations and experiments that the universe appears to be expanding at an accelerating rate. In the standard model of cosmology, dark energy currently accounts for 74% of the total mass-energy of the universe.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

Dark matter is matter that is inferred to exist from gravitational effects on visible matter and background radiation, but is undetectable by emitted or scattered electromagnetic radiation.[1] Its existence was hypothesized to account for discrepancies between measurements of the mass of galaxies, clusters of galaxies and the entire universe made through dynamical and general relativistic means, and measurements based on the mass of the visible "luminous" matter these objects contain: stars and the gas and dust of the interstellar and intergalactic media. According to observations of structures larger than galaxies, as well as Big Bang cosmology interpreted under the "Friedmann equations" and the "FLRW metric", dark matter accounts for 23% of the mass-energy density of the observable universe, while the ordinary matter accounts for only 4.6% (the remainder is attributed to dark energy).[2] From these figures, dark matter constitutes 80% of the matter in the universe, while ordinary matter makes up only 20%.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

I suspect there may be some dark mass, but probably not as much as they think. They won't know how much until they iron out a few kinks in the theory of gravity and a few other flawed "laws".

On the other hand, I have solved the riddle of dark energy. I don't expect a Nobel prize because my solution won't be recognized until I am long gone, and they don't give the prize posthumously.

Everything in our universe consists of ethereal shear waves, which propagate at the speed of light, and ethereal pressure waves, which propagate at least 20 billion times faster than light. The pressure waves are dark energy, and they are responsible for all the forces of nature, as well as the expansion of space. Actually, the pressure waves are caused by expansion of space in the sub-universe, which runs backwards in time from our perspective. In our ether, the pressure waves converge to a point where a new bubble wall appears across the middle of an ether-foam bubble, turning one bubble into two and adding one Planck volume of new space to our universe. Then, the expansion of our space stretches our cosmic foam until, one by one, walls of galaxies pop, turning two cosmic-foam bubbles into one and radiating pressure waves out thru the cosmic foam. With time inversion, that drives the expansion of the super-universe.

Momentum is exchanged between shear waves and pressure waves, resulting in forces of attraction and repulsion between pairs of shear waves, depending on relative phase and polarity of the two shear waves. One such attractive force causes pairs of shear waves to orbit one another, turning their energy into the rest mass of a particle.

Ok to put it simply

Dark matter:  When we look at galaxies stars near the outside of the galaxy are traveling at the same speed as the ones near the center and because us physicists know that fast objects spinning really fast far away from the center of gravity should just fling off into space but because they dont this means that there is another really heavy source of gravity that we cant see/ detect so thats what dark matter is.  An explanation to a hole in a theory.

Dark Energy:  It is assumed that once the universe went BANG that everything would start to slow down afterwards but when we look at the far edge of the universe it isn't!  In fact the universe is actually speeding up in expansion so therefore yet again there must be some sort of inviable energy that we can't see/ detect that is doing this so we call it dark energy

Hope that helps in a VERY VERY simplified explanation

its because your teacher does not know lol

based on some very basic laws of physics you can plot out how two bodies of mass should interact with each other... earth orbiting the sun... one galaxy orbiting another. The problem was discovered that galaxies that we knew the mass of were orbiting each other in ways that would imply they have a mass far greater than calculated. Later confirmed this was constant all over the place. Also when light from a distance star passes by a galaxy before hitting us there is calculable "bend" that the light goes through based on the gravitational pull of the galaxy. Again they noticed that bend's that take place are far greater than the calculated gravity that galaxy should have.

stumped they invented dark matter, really its nothing more than a variable "X" to throw into formulas so they make sense. Last i heard the most advanced methods of discovering dark matter have come up empty.

Dark energy is exactly the same... when they realized that the universe is becoming more distance, galaxies are moving away from each other & accelerating they had no idea where the acceleration was coming from, acceleration is energy & it has to come from somewhere... it would be like exploding a bomb but having the shock-wave increases in power the further it goes.

again stumped and not sure what is going on they called it dark energy.

& here you thought those guys @ NASA knew what they were doing HAHAHA j/k they are all geniuses over there!

It is called a "fudge factor". In these two particular cases, to explain what astrophysicists do not understand about the universe. IOW, present physics theory is WRONG but nobody wants to own up to it, lest they all loose their jobs and prestige.

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Philip J´s answer is an honest attempt to solve the riddle.

It would be far more fruitful if astrophysicits would seriously start looking at the universe as an electromagnetic resonant cavity. Electromagnetic theory explains most of what we see.
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it's sorta like phlogiston. scientists are always making up fake stuff when the theories and equations they have don't quite work the way they want.

truth is, all mathematical models are approximations that only work in a certain range; newtonian physics works just fine for everyday stuff, relativity is needed at very high speeds. new models are needed for very large distances. the sooner people realize that, the sooner they'll let go of all the dark matter silliness.