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mig9399 mig9399
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11 years ago
In which way is positive and negative control of gene expression in bacteria different. In which way are they the similar?
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11 years ago
Operon regulation can be either negative or positive by induction or repression.[11]
Negative control involves the binding of a repressor to the operator to prevent transcription.
In negative inducible operons, a regulatory repressor protein is normally bound to the operator, which prevents the transcription of the genes on the operon. If an inducer molecule is present, it binds to the repressor and changes its conformation so that it is unable to bind to the operator. This allows for expression of the operon.
In negative repressible operons, transcription of the operon normally takes place. Repressor proteins are produced by a regulator gene, but they are unable to bind to the operator in their normal conformation. However, certain molecules called corepressors are bound by the repressor protein, causing a conformational change to the active site. The activated repressor protein binds to the operator and prevents transcription.
Operons can also be positively controlled. With positive control, an activator protein stimulates transcription by binding to DNA (usually at a site other than the operator).
In positive inducible operons, activator proteins are normally unable to bind to the pertinent DNA. When an inducer is bound by the activator protein, it undergoes a change in conformation so that it can bind to the DNA and activate transcription.
In positive repressible operons, the activator proteins are normally bound to the pertinent DNA segment. However, when a corepressor is bound by the activator, it is prevented from binding the DNA. This stops activation and transcription of the system.
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