How and why was the United States given the opportunity to buy the Louisiana Territory?

It’s believed that the failure of France to put down a slave revolution in Haiti, the impending war with Great Britain and probable British naval blockade of France – combined with French economic difficulties – may have prompted Napoleon to offer Louisiana for sale to the United States.

President Thomas Jefferson sent James Monroe to Paris to negotiate the purchase of New Orleans, but the French surprised him by offering to sell the entire Louisiana Territory for $15 million. The deal was signed on April 30, 1803, and the United States acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River. The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the young republic and was considered one of the most important achievements of Thomas Jefferson’s presidency.

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