Which one of the following common sayings best reflects the concept of introspection?
a. Where there's a will, there's a way.
b. Nothing ventured, nothing gained.
c. A penny for your thoughts.
d. Old habits die hard.
Ques. 2Which one of the following statements provides the most credible explanation for the fact that human beings seem to surpass all other animal species in their thinking and learning capacities?
a. Only human beings have the capability to make tools.
b. Humans communicate regularly with one another and, in doing so, pass along what they've learned to future generations.
c. Human beings have a huge repertoire of instinctual behaviors from which they can draw when they encounter new experiences.
d. Human brains are smaller than those of other intelligent species (e.g., elephants, dolphins) and therefore can transmit messages more quickly and efficiently.
Ques. 3Three of the following are principles of learning. Which one is a theory of learning rather than a principle?
a. A behavior that is followed by punishment decreases in frequency.
b. People learn by making mental associations between new information and their existing knowledge.
c. A response that is rewarded every time it occurs increases more rapidly than a response that is only occasionally rewarded.
d. Students tend to remember more of a lecture if they take notes on the lecture's content.
Ques. 4A principle of learning can best be characterized as:
a. A description of the results of a particular research study
b. A statement that describes how a particular factor affects learning
c. The measurement of how much learning has occurred in a particular situation
d. An explanation of the underlying processes through which learning occurs
Ques. 5A theory of learning can best be characterized as:
a. A description of the results of a particular research study
b. A statement that describes how a particular factor affects learning
c. The measurement of how much learning has occurred in a particular situation
d. An explanation of the underlying processes through which learning occurs
Ques. 6_____________ research examines learning in tightly controlled settings and ___________ research examines learning in real-world settings.
a. Applied; Basic
b. Basic; Qualitative
c. Qualitative; Applied
d. Basic; Applied
Ques. 7Three of the following illustrate various ways that learning might be reflected in a person's behavior. Which one of the following changes does not necessarily reflect learning?
a. Although it's a school night, Dean plays video games until well past his usual bedtime. As he becomes more tired, he finds it increasingly difficult to concentrate on what he's doing.
b. Even as a young child, Jerry could tell you that his grandparents immigrated to the United States from Ireland. But after a conversation with his grandmother, he can now describe the circumstances of the family's immigration in considerable detail.
c. Day after day, Martin practices his basketball skills (shooting, dribbling, etc.) on a basketball court at a local park. With each practice session, his movements become faster and smoother.
d. Lewis occasionally asks for help when he has difficulty with his classwork, but most of the time he just struggles quietly on his own. After his teacher assures him that asking for help is not a sign of weakness or inability, he begins asking for help much more frequently.
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