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minjai0322 minjai0322
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13 years ago
Suppose 100 moles of glucose is broken down to pyruvate by glycolysis, and the pyruvate is then converted back to glucose by gluconeogenesis using the products from glycolysis. How many moles of glucose can be regenerated? First write down the stoichiometric equations of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. The following are present at the start of glycolysis: 100 moles glucose, 200 moles ATP, 200 moles NAD+, 200 moles Pi, 200 moles ADP. Assume that CO2 is not limiting for gluconeogenesis and that ATP and GTP are interconvertible in a stoichiometric ratio of 1 (i.e., ATP Leftwards Arrow-> GTP).
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Educator
13 years ago
For every glucose molecule, you get 2 pyruvates. Glucose is C6H12O6 ... so with this formula, you can find the molar mass. Gluconeogenesis takes one pyruvate and makes it into glucose with the addition of dihydroxyacetone-phosphate.

The oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid, is usually the first stage in CHO catabolism.  Most microorganisms use this pathway.  Two stages:
1- prep stage- two molecules of ATP are used as a 6-carbon glucose molecule is phosphorylated, restructured, and split into two three-carbon compounds: GP and DHAP.  DHAP is readily converted to GP.  The conversion of DHAP into GP means that from this point on in glycolysis, two molecules of GP are fed into the remaining chemical reactions.
2- In the energy-conserving stage, the two three-carbon molecules are oxidized in several steps to two molecules of pyruvic acid.  In these reactions, two molecules of NAD+ are reduced to NADH, and four molecules of ATP are formed by substrate-level phosphorylation.

Glucose + 2ADP + 2P + 2NAD+ -------> 2 pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH

You just have to do the math involved and follow along each molecule until you can deduce the overall reaction. It's tedious work but totally doable.
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