1. Octane, C8H18 reacts with oxygen gas to form carbon dioxide and water as shown below.
2 C8H18 (l) + 25 O2(g)
16 CO2 (l) + 18 H2O(l)
Molar masses (g/mol)
C8H18 114.0
O2 32.0
CO2 44.0
H2O 18.0
a) What is the theoretical yield (maximum calculated amount) of carbon dioxide that can form
when 10.00 grams of octane are heated with 10.00 grams of oxygen gas?
b) The limiting reagent is __. Explain.
c) How many grams of the other reactant remains un-reacted?
d) If 6.55 g of CO2 are actually made in the laboratory under the above conditions, determine the
percent yield.
e) A small volume of the starting material of the above reaction at the molecular level is shown in
the circle marked “start”. Complete the following picture diagram of what the atoms and molecules will look like at the “end” of the reaction.
2. Consider the reaction between dihydroxy fumaric acid and sodium hydroxide as shown below.
Dihydroxy fumaric acid is a diprotic acid.
a) Balance the following molecular equation.
NaOH(aq) + H2C4H2O6 (aq)
Na2C4H2O6 (aq) + H2O(l)
b) Is the dihydroxy fumaric acid is a strong acid or a weak acid? Circle your choice.
Strong Weak
c) Write the full ionic (or complete ionic) equation. (Be sure to include the phases)
d) Write the net ionic equation. (Be sure to include the phases)
e) How many milliliters of 0.150 M sodium hydroxide need to completely neutralize 30.00 mL of 0.250 M dihydroxyfumaric acid (H2C4H2O6). What big idea are you using to solve this problem? Briefly explain
f) Is there a limiting reagent? Explain your answer in writing and justify with your numerical
answer from part-e.
g) A) In the first circle, a small volume of the starting material of the above reaction at the
molecular level is shown. This should represent the reactants as shown in your molecular equation.
Complete the picture diagram by writing enough number of NaOH. B) In the middle circle, write the
starting reagents and the number of each species, as represented in your full ionic equation in part-c.
C) In the last circle, write what species exist at the end of this acid-base neutralization reaction.
Remember to obey the Law of conservation of atoms.
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